The invention discloses a soilless cultivation medium and a preparation method of the soilless cultivation medium, relates to the soilless cultivation medium, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation. The soilless cultivation medium is characterized by comprising, by weight, 20-40% of potato residues, 20-30% of benne straw, 10-30% of gravel, 10-15% of perlite and 5-15% of peat. The soilless cultivation medium and the preparation method of the soilless cultivation medium have the advantages that recycling of waste such as the potato residues and the benne straw is achieved, the soilless cultivation medium has the good chemical inhibition function and the good biological protection function after being processed through fermentation and disinfection, the number of diseases, insect pests and weeds can be reduced, storage and transport are convenient, when transplanting is carried out, roots cannot be damaged, seedlings cannot be broken, and the survival rate of transplanting is ensured; microcellular foaming is carried out by using adhesives, foaming agents and vulcanizing agents, a specific hole-connected elastomer is formed, root systems can be protected in the process of transport and transplanting, and the survival rate is increased.