411 results about "Arid area" patented technology

The invention discloses a remote sensing inversion method for land surface evapotranspiration of arid and semi-arid regions. The method comprises the steps of: acquiring and processing EOS/MODISE (Earth Observing System/Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) remotely sensed data; performing the inversion of near-surface temperature and computing atmospheric transmittance; obtaining a land surface latent heat flux by solving a net radiation quantity, a soil heat flux and a sensible heat flux according to a land surface energy balance equation; and figuring out land surface evapotranspiration data according to the land surface latent heat flux. According to the invention, aiming at the characteristics of rare meteorological stations in the arid region of Northwest China, a near-surface temperature inversion model and an atmospheric transmittance model both based on remotely sensed data are established, and the temperature obtained by the remote sensing inversion is used for participating in the computation instead of the observed temperatures of the stations; therefore, requirements on meteorological and other observation data are reduced.

The invention discloses a method for building flower beds and planting flowers and plants in a heavy saline-alkali land in an arid region and relates to the technical fields of soil transformation methods and green lawn planting. The method for building flower beds and planting flowers and plants in the heavy saline-alkali land in the arid region comprises 18 steps and has various advantages of desalting rapidly, achieving long-acting and durable effect, saving water and cost, completely eliminating weeds, promoting growth of ornamental plants and the like.

The invention provides a dry farming anti-aging long-acting autumn mulching film which meets the requirements that rain is collected and soil moisture is preserved, and autumn rain is used in spring in agricultural production of arid and semi-arid regions. Specifically, the dry farming anti-aging long-acting autumn mulching film is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.3 to 0.5 percent of polymerization hindered amine light stabilizer, 0.08 to 0.16 percent of complex antioxidant, 73.6 to 81 percent of linear low-density polyethylene, 0.06 to 0.12 percent of ultraviolet absorber, 8 to 15 percent of low-density polyethylene, 5 to 10 percent of metallocene linear polyethylene, and 5 to 10 percent of high-density polyethylene, and the total percentage of all thecomponents is 100 percent. The produced dry farming anti-aging long-acting autumn mulching film effectively meets the requirements that rain is collected and soil moisture is preserved, and the anti-aging time of mulching film coverage during production of crops can reach 300 to 540 days.

The invention discloses a large-ridge and double-line under-film drip-irrigation water-saving cultivation method of winter and early spring potatoes. The method comprises the following steps of (1) potato seed selection and treatment, (2) seeding, (3) drip-irrigation equipment laying and plastic film mulching, and (4) field management. The cultivation method is a water-saving irrigation technology combining a large-ridge and double-line technology, a plastic film mulching technology and a drip-irrigation technology organically, has a particularly remarkable effect in arid and semi-arid regions, integrates the edge line advantage, maintenance of the optimum water content of root regions, effective improvement of the ground temperature, evaporation suppression and water saving, has the characteristics of preserving soil moisture, maintaining fertilizers, keeping warm, remarkably improving utilization of optical energy, water and the fertilizers, saving the water, saving labor, increasing a yield and improving the efficiency, and has the advantages of saving the water and the labor, increasing the yield and improving the efficiency.

The invention relates to an anti-seepage air-permeable pot culture container. The pot culture container is provided with an open cavity, aggregate particles and water-repellent binder are stuck together to form the pot culture container, and pores through which air molecules rather than liquid water molecules can pass are formed between the neighboring aggregate particles. The aggregate particles are one of quartz sand, slag, ceramsite and glass beads or the mixture of any of quartz sand, slag, ceramsite and glass beads. The invention also discloses a preparation method for the anti-seepage air-permeable pot culture container. Since the invention applies the material with good anti-seepage and air-permeable properties to the pot culture container, the moisture for pot culture is effectively retained, so that the moisture needed by a plant is maintained, and moreover, while proofing water, the pot culture container also has the air-permeable property. The anti-seepage air-permeable pot culture container can be widely applied to the plantation of various potted plants, garden nursery transplantation and the plantation of crops in arid regions.

The invention belongs to a highway greening cultivation technology and in particular to a greening planting technology for an expressway in the arid area of desert. The technology is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting corresponding arbor, shrub and grass according to the local topography, landform, climate characteristics, vegetation condition and common nursery stock varieties, and performing planting time selection, planting preparation, planting of the arbor, shrub and grass, vegetation maintenance, daily nursing and the like, wherein the arbor is selected from one or several of poplar, Saliz matsudana or pinus sylvestris; the shrub is selected from two or more of Amorpha fruticosa, Sabina vulgaris, caragana microphylla and hedysarum scoparium; and the grass is selected from one or several of medicago sativa, Astragalus adsurgens and Artemisia songarica Schrenk. According to the invention, the time from nursery stock planting to large-scale greening is basically consistent with the time from highway construction to operation, and the construction period is relatively reasonable; the selected nursery stock is common nursery stock which has sufficient supply source, is drought-resistant, easily survives and grows quickly; and the purchase cost and maintenance cost are low.

The invention discloses a paenibacillus elgii strain CGMCC No.4231. The microbial inoculant or moisture-retention organic fertilizer prepared from the strain has the functions of preventing the plant diseases, reducing the water loss of plant rhizosphere, strengthening the soil aggregate, improving the soil and promoting the plant growth. The bacteriostatic drought-resisting organic fertilizer is suitable for various crops and cash crops cultivated in arid areas and in dry seasons.

The invention discloses a rapid cultivating method of sand moss crust, Including the steps that a whole piece of the moss crust in a sand natural environment of a dry area is collected, a silver leaf bryum is used as a dominant species, the impurities of sand and dead leaves are sieved to be removed after soaking; the moss crust is crushed after air drying in a shade place or oven drying for 48 hours under 30 degrees centigrade; the underlying sand of the moss crust is collected as substrate and is filled in a cultivating container with the diameter being 18cm, the height being 2cm and the thickness being 1.5cm, the moss pieces are evenly spread on the substrate surface inside the cultivating container, water is added until the water content is 13.9%; the moss pieces are put into a PGX multi-stage serial intelligent illuminating incubator to constantly cultivate for 40 days, and the moss crust can be formed. The cultivating condition requirement of the moss crust is relatively simple, the technology is convenient, the cost is low, and the method can be well popularized in production application.

The invention discloses an arid area desert sand fixation method. The method includes the steps that firstly, parallel strip-shaped sand barriers which are in a cell shape and have the side length ranging from 1 m to 2 m or parallel strip-shaped sand barriers with the interval ranging from 1 m to 2 m are pressed on a drought dessert area; secondly, wide-line densely-planted shrubbery strips are planted in the sand barriers mentioned in the first step, wherein due to the row spacing of the shrubbery strips, the ventilation coefficient of the shrubbery strips ranges from 0.3 to 0.45 after the shrubbery strips grow into forests, and the row spacing is 10 times to 20 times of the average height of the shrubbery strips after the shrubbery strips grow into the forests. The technology of conducting comprehensive sand fixation by combining the cell-shaped or the strip-shaped sand barriers with wide-line densely-planted forestation is adopted, and therefore the number of trees in the unit area is reduced, survival and normal growth of the trees can be ensured even in places where rainfall capacity is small, and the wind prevention and sand fixation effect can be given into full play for a long time to the maximum extent.

The invention discloses a ridge film-mulching soil moisture preservation and rainwater collection ditch water collection method based on a dry land fruit tree root system soil hydrothermal environment. Ridges are inwardly made in the vertical projections of crowns, rainwater collection ditches are outwardly dug in the vertical projections of the crowns, fertilization ditches are inwardly dug close to the rainwater collection ditches, black mulching films are spread at the beginning of thawing, and roots are exposed within a range between 3cm and 5cm around the roots of tree bodies; mulching films are spread on the sloped ridge surfaces, and are fixed by longitudinal batten-shaped earth; the films are removed in time in the rainy season in order to keep a good soil environment. The method is based on the rainfall characteristics of local regions, a fruit tree moisture utilization principle and the keeping of a good root zone environment. The technique is easy to operate, the cost is low, and the method has the technical effects of water preservation, water storage, evaporation resistance, centralized moisture utilization, water-promoted fertilization and keeping of the good root zone environment. The method is suitable for apple trees, peach trees, pear trees, grapevines and other fruit trees of different ages in arid regions, and can promote the activity of the root systems of fruit trees and accelerate the growth of saplings and the formation of tree shapes, ensure the stable and increased yield of grown fruit trees and increase the quality of fruits.

The invention discloses a high-yield planting method for preventing and treating corn stem rot in semi-arid regions, belonging to the technical field of agricultural planting and culturing. The high-yield planting method comprises the following steps: land selection and preparation, seed selection, seed treatment, ridging, base fertilizer application, seeding, drop irrigation, water feeding, weeding, membrane lamination, top application, field management, corn stem rot prevention, harvesting and the like. According to the high-yield planting method, the problem that the seeding emergence rate of corns in the second year is influenced by the total straw application of straws is solved; by processing corn seeds, the emergence rate can be improved by more than or equal to 5%, and the straw turnover in the second year is not influenced; the preventing and treating effect of the corn stem rot reaches more than or equal to 70%; water is saved by more than or equal to 40%, and the corn yield is increased to be 800-1000 kilograms per hectare; adverse factors caused by the ecological environment to the agricultural production are overcome, the traditional agricultural production mode is changed, the unit yield is increased, the yield and the efficiency are increased, and the effects of reducing wind erosion of soil, protecting the environment and improving the drought resisting capacity and the production stability of crops are achieved.

The invention discloses a seedling technology of Prunus cistena. The seedling technology is characterized in that the technology takes Siberian Apricot as stock and adopts whole-ear sealing wax seedling, wherein the special breeding method is as follows: a, breeding the stock; b, breeding grafted seedling; and c, breeding the seedling by bed changing. The seedling technology of Prunus cistena provided by the invention comprises the steps of 1, breeding the Siberian Apricot stock; 2, cutting cion and sealing wax; selecting lignified Prunus cistena branches, wherein the cion branch must be soft and has no dried condition and full bud, performing sealing wax for the whole ears; 3, selecting 1-year-old Siberian Apricot seedling; horizontally cutting the Siberian Apricot seedling in place with distance of 4-5cm above the ground to graft; 4, using the cleft grafting or cut-grafting method to graft in the second half of April; 5, after grafting, strengthening management of soil, fertilizer and water. The method improves grafting survival rate of Prunus cistena, develops large-scale breeding of the nursery stock and provides seedling guarantee for widely applying colorful leaf plants in arid area, improving urban ecological environment and improving city landscape value.

The invention discloses a method for preparing potassium- and nitrogen-containing high water-absorbent resin from carboxymethyl potato starch serving as a raw material. The product is prepared from the carboxymethyl potato starch serving as the raw material; and the carboxymethyl potato starch is water soluble, so compared with starch serving as the raw material, the carboxymethyl potato starch does not need gelatinization, and the preparation process is greatly simplified. Compared with like products, the high water-absorbent resin prepared by the method has the advantages of high water absorbing and retaining capability and high gel strength, contains potassium and nitrogen necessary for plant growth, and has great effects of resisting drought and keeping seedlings, increasing both production and income, promoting plant growth and the like for the soil in arid regions.

The invention relates to a method for rapidly rotting composting of litters in the open in autumn and winter, comprising the following steps of selecting field and then digging pit, collecting litters, sampling and calculating, composting litters and disposing. The method can sufficiently utilize ground temperature to greatly reduce the influence of external high temperature on composting temperature mainly by digging pit and underground composting; the effects of heat preservation, moisture preservation and fertility preservation are good; therefore, the activity of microbes to decompose flora can be ensured, thereby rapidly achieving the effect of rapidly rotting. The method solves the problems that the natural decomposition of litters is slow, the fire hazard is outstanding and the latent nutrient runs off in artificial forest in northwest arid area and meanwhile is not limited by climate and field, thereby solving the problems existing in circulation of substances and nutrient balance of the ecological system of the artificial forest in northwest arid area. The invention provides a new method for a near nature managing and protecting technique of the artificial forest.

The invention discloses a river permeability reducing method in arid area grit stone river ecology restoring project, which comprises the following steps: mixing sodium bentonite and local soil to mixed soil evenly with dry weight ratio 1 : 9; mixing the mixed soil and grit material evenly with dry weight ratio at 4 : 6; forming permeability reducing mixed material; paving the permeability reducing mixed material layer on the compacted river bed; paving local soil permeability reducing layer; vibrating and packing together; back-paving on site ballast on the permeability reducing layer as covering layer. This invention possesses distinctive economic benefit, which can be used to permeability reducing agent project of river, lake and marshland.

The invention discloses a bamboo willow cutting seedling method applied to northwest semi-arid areas. The method is characterized in that bud seedlings nursed from bamboo willow sections are cut into small segments; a non-aseptic condition is built and the bud seedling small segments are applied in the humus substrate to accelerate breeding of the bamboo willow seedlings, so maximum survival rate of the small segments can be guaranteed; a plant propagation body of the bamboo willow can be directly cultivated; and excellent planting seedlings can be acquired in short time. The humus substrate is neutralized until the PH value is 4.6 to 7.8; fertilizers including trace and major elements are added to the 1,000 parts of humus substrate; dibbling is employed whether in deserts or sandy land; the bamboo willows are planted along a direction of land water flow to form a plum blossom state shape; the surface soil can be fixed and vegetation can be guaranteed; water and soil loss can be prevented; desertification can be prevented and management; a planting structure can be improved; and bamboo willow seedlings can be provided.

The invention discloses a powder ridge deep-cyclone water-storage seedling-retaining growth promoting and cultivation method in arid and semi-arid regions. The middle of a cultivating area is deep-ploughed by using a rotary tillage spiral type machine while the two sides of the cultivating area are shallow-ploughed; the soils are milled at the same time; the soils are naturally ridged after the soils are rotated in a deep mode and loosened so as to form a T-shaped ridge land of which the two sides are surrounded by shallow loosening soils and the inclined surfaces have a certain angle. Drainage channels are arranged in a non-cultivation area, a film covers the ridge land, planting holes are formed in the ridge land, and a water-storage tank for storing water and retaining water is established around the planting holes; meanwhile, standardization farm operations such as fertilizer application and pesticide application are carried out, so that the operation is finished mechanically and integrally once, and the labor efficiency is greatly improved; by using the cultivating method, the water content of the soil is effectively increased by more than 30 percent, the production of crops is increased by more than 40 percent, and the economic benefit is obviously increased; moreover, a new ecological balance system is established, and the method has a great popularization value in the northwest arid region.

The invention discloses a method for preparing production, living and ecological water for an inland river basin in an arid area. The method comprises the following steps of calculating the basic ecological environment water demand of the river, the areas of different ecological protection ranges, the vegetation ecological water demand of different ecological protection ranges, the water demand of different river target ecological environments, the analysis of the river runoff volume on the river target ecological environment water demand and the optimal configuration of the production and living ecological water. On the premise of meeting the total water consumption of the river basin production and domestic surface water, whether the remaining water amount in the past year can meet the basic ecological environment water demand and river loss of a river and the target ecological environment water demand of the river is determined, a scheme of mutually coordinating the production, living and ecological water of the inland river basin in the arid area is provided, and the reasonable configuration and efficient utilization of the water resources are achieved.

The invention relates to a method for consumption of poultry excrement in sandy soil in arid and semi-arid areas, which includes: making decomposed poultry excrement into organic fertilizer, applying the organic fertilizer into a farmland under wheat-corn rotation system, performing basal application of the organic fertilizer 2800-3200kg/667m<2> in wheat planting seasons, and performing reduced application of pure nitrogen fertilizer 2-3kg; and performing basal application of the organic fertilizer 3000-3500kg/667m<2> in corn planting seasons under the condition that wheat straws are fully returned to the field, and performing reduced application of nitrogen chemical fertilizer 2.5-3.5kg. Factors such as organic fertilizer resource, climate, hydrological condition and the like are comprehensively considered, organic-inorganic ratio, application time, application manner and the like are determined, and accordingly, poultry excrement from farms can be effectively consumed, input of chemical fertilizer can be saved, application within the load capacity range enables yield of corn and wheat to be increased without affecting crop quality, and environmental pollution can be effectively prevented.

The invention discloses a fully-automatic water-collecting irrigation slope protection device adapted to an arid area and a construction method thereof. The fully-automatic water-collecting irrigationslope protection device adapted to the arid area comprises a water-collecting irrigation device, a waterproof geotextile, a diversion layer and a vegetation planting layer. The water-collecting irrigation device is composed of a prefabricated water storage tank, a prefabricated pile and a moisture sensor. Water inlets and water outlets are formed in a body of the prefabricated water storage tankand both the water inlets and the water outlets are provided with filters. The moisture sensor is arranged on the vegetation planting layer. Electronic control valves are installed at the water outlets. The prefabricated pile is located below the prefabricated water storage tank. The prefabricated pile and the prefabricated water storage tank are fixedly connected by welding or bolts. The waterproof geotextile is laid on a slope. The diversion layer is arranged above the waterproof geotextile, and the vegetation planting layer is laid above the diversion layer. The integrated construction of vegetation planting and later irrigation system is realized, and based on an unique irrigation method and slope structure design, water evaporation and deep layer infiltration are reduced, and rainwater utilization rate is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry forestation, particularly discloses an arid area Gobi land bamboo willow cutting forestation method, and mainly relates to a forestation method for a difficult site. The forestation method includes the steps: 1 preparing a land: selecting a flat Gobi land, removing large stones and impurities on the surface of the Gobi land, and performing flood irrigation for the Gobi land 1-2 days before bamboo willows are cut for preparation; 2 cutting the bamboo willows to perform forestation: (1) preparing bamboo willow cuttings; (2) soaking the bamboo willow cuttings; (3) preparing transplanting holes; (4) calculating cutting density; (5) performing grouting and flat burying for the transplanting holes; 3 performing later period management for forestation: (1) managing and protecting water and fertilizers; (2) weeding; (3) pruning; (4) preventing and treating bamboo willow seedling diseases and insect pests. The method is mainly used for bamboo willow forestation on the arid area Gobi land.

The invention discloses a soil water storage and preservation planting method for a desert and arid areas. The planting method is characterized in that a layer of sand and cement concrete water storage tank or a plastic water storage tank is laid 0.3-3 meters under the ground of a desert or arid area, the water storage tank is filled with sandy soil, and plants are planted in the sandy soil. The soil water storage and preservation planting method has the following advantages: 1, the rainwater in the desert and arid areas does not permeate into the ground deeply, but permeates into the water storage tank, the root system of a plant can reach the water storage tank and absorb the water, the high soil moisture content is retained enduringly, and the normal growth of the plant is guaranteed; 2, the water irrigated by water conservancy facilities also permeates into the water storage tank, the water can be provided for a long time after one time of irrigation, the soil moisture content is greatly improved, the high soil moisture content is retained enduringly, abundant water can be provided for the growth of the plant, the water use efficiency is improved, and the cost of the water is reduced; and 3, the method is easy to carry out, can be used for a long time after one time of investment, and can be used for several tens or hundreds of years, the cost per year is not high, and the maintenance is not needed.

The invention provides a simulation method of a multi-model flexible architecture based on basin fine classification. The simulation method comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a Xinanjiang-Green Ampt mixed runoff production calculation model of a semi-humid semi-arid basin; S2, subjecting the semi-humid and semi-arid watershed to infiltration-excess and saturation-excess sub-watersheddivision for fine classification; and S3, constructing a flexible architecture model of the infiltration-excess and saturation-excess space of the semi-humid and semi-arid watershed, and performing calculation. The invention provides a convenient and effective method for forecasting the flood process of the semi-humid and semi-arid region, finely classifies the watershed, provides a more reasonable and reliable simulation method for simulating the flood, and improves the calculation precision of the hydrological model. And meanwhile, the problem of classification of mountainous watersheds in medium and small drainage basins lacking observation data is solved, important basic data is provided for flood forecasting and other aspects of the semi-humid and semi-arid regions, and the scientificity of flood forecasting of the semi-humid and semi-arid regions is enhanced. The method is stable and reliable in data source, high in calculation efficiency and objective and reasonable in result.

The invention discloses a greening method for a heavy-solonchak waste slope in an arid area. The method disclosed by the invention firstly performs total slope surface greening on a slope wasteland microtopography by a classified halophyte grass strip intercropping method to realize the functions of greening, fertilizing soil, desalting and providing pasture grass; through water guide grooves andwater discharging strips, runoff water and salts in the waste slope are collected to the water discharging strips, and halophilic halophyte grass strips are planted and mowed, so that biological waterdischarge and biological salt discharge are realized; runoff of the slope surface is avoided through counter-slope furrowing, and conditions are provided for salt washing of the surface of the wasteslope; a capillary effect is blocked by a gravel layer with 60 cm, so that salt rising on the soil surface of the water discharging strips is reduced; and the method integrates physical improvement and biological improvement, combines furrowing tillage and water-saving drip irrigation technical measures, is convenient for maintenance, has simple construction and low costs, realizes stability and sustainability of greening of the heavy-solonchak waste slope in the arid area, and provides practical experience and technical reference for greening construction of solonchak waste slopes in the aridarea.