219 results about "Hydrophilic membrane" patented technology

The invention discloses a hydrophobic-hydrophilic Janus water collecting film and an efficient preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of water collecting materials. An electrostatic spinning process is adopted, and a hydrophobic polymer is accurately deposited on the surface of a hydrophilic substrate in the form of a nanofiber array, so that the Janus composite membrane with an asymmetric wetting gradient structure is successfully constructed. The unique double-sided wettability difference drives the liquid drops to realize directional transmission, and the core mechanism of the liquid drops is derived from capillary force regulation and control caused by interfacial wetting potential energy difference. The Janus membrane shows excellent performance in the aspect of air moisture trapping, the ultra-fast moisture absorption characteristic and the surface regeneration capacity are achieved, and compared with a traditional single-layer hydrophilic membrane, the water collecting efficiency is remarkably improved by 110%. A one-step forming process is adopted for preparation, the diameter of the nanofibers is controllable, complex post-treatment procedures are not needed, and energy consumption required by equipment is low. The high-performance water collecting film has important application value in the fields of atmospheric water taking in arid regions, dehumidification of precise instruments and the like.

The invention relates to the field of physiological status detection, and provides a wearable microfluidic fluorescence sensor based on a Janus membrane for sweat analysis. The sensor comprises a Janus membrane-based micro-fluidic chip and a fluorescent sensing layer which are stacked, the Janus membrane-based micro-fluidic chip comprises a hydrophobic nanofiber membrane, a bottom polydimethylsiloxane layer, a hydrophilic nanofiber membrane and a top polydimethylsiloxane layer which are stacked, and the fluorescent sensing layer comprises three paper chips, the simultaneous fluorescence detection of chloride ions, glucose and pH of sweat is realized. The Janus membrane with the directional water conveying capacity is used as a substrate for preparing a micro-fluidic chip. In one aspect, sweat may be automatically delivered to an analysis zone along a designed path. On the other hand, sweat is transferred from a hydrophobic membrane close to the skin to a hydrophilic membrane, sweat accumulation is effectively avoided, and a comfortable skin microenvironment is promoted. A Janus membrane-based micro-fluidic chip is combined with fluorescence sensing, a micro-fluidic fluorescence sensor based on a Janus membrane is constructed, and simultaneous high-stability and high-accuracy analysis of multiple targets in human sweat is realized.

The invention relates to a detection device capable of correcting hematocrit and a measurement method thereof. The detection device comprises a dry chemical test paper clamping shell upper cover, hematocrit detection test paper, dry chemical test paper and a dry chemical test paper clamping shell lower cover, the hematocrit detection test paper comprises a double faced adhesive tape, a hydrophilic film, a double faced adhesive tape, a hematocrit detection electrode and a double faced adhesive tape from top to bottom; the dry chemical test paper clamping shell upper cover comprises a sample adding hole; and the lower cover of the dry chemical test paper clamping shell comprises a detection hole. According to the invention, the test paper for detecting the hematocrit by the impedance method is adhered to the upper cover of the card shell of the dry chemical test paper and is attached to the dry chemical test paper, so that the dry chemical test paper detection and the hematocrit detection can be realized, and the dry chemical test paper detection result is corrected according to the hematocrit detection result. And a specific detection and correction method is adopted, so that the influence of hematocrit on a detection result is reduced to the greatest extent.

The pre-filled microneedle injector comprises a needle cylinder, a piston and a needle head, the needle cylinder is of a hollow structure, a limiting ring is arranged at the open end of the needle cylinder, the piston extends into the needle cylinder from one side of the limiting ring and can move up and down in the needle cylinder, a rubber ring is arranged at the bottom end of the piston, and a pushing handle is arranged at the top of the piston; the needle head is fixed to the side, away from the limiting ring, of the needle cylinder and comprises a connecting part and needle tubes, the connecting part extends out of the needle cylinder, and at least one needle tube is embedded into the connecting part in an in-line mode. The syringe is used for injection of biological macromolecular medicine preparations and complex preparations, especially mRNA vaccines or medicine preparations needing to be pre-filled for micro-injection, the hydrophilic film on the inner wall of the needle cylinder enables biological macromolecular medicines such as the mRNA vaccines or the medicine preparations to be stably stored, and the injection efficiency is improved. And through the limiting buckle, the pre-filled microneedle injector cannot leak in the transportation process or the storage process.

The invention relates to an antibacterial and deodorant particle which comprises an active particle and a hydrophilic film wrapping the outer surface of the active particle. The active particles comprise the following raw material components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of SEBS, 8-15 parts of silicon dioxide, 10-20 parts of sepiolite powder, 6-16 parts of an antibacterial agent, 2-5 parts of sodium stearate, 2-5 parts of sodium citrate, 5-10 parts of beta-cyclodextrin, 18-27 parts of an adhesive and 1-3 parts of an odor neutralizer; the hydrophilic film is formed by forming a hydrophilic material. According to the antibacterial and deodorant particles, SEBS serves as a hydrophobic elastic framework of active particles, and free diffusion of active ingredients in the particles is limited through hydrophobic entanglement of molecular chains; meanwhile, a hydrophilic material is used as an outer coating film, and the release rate of the active components is controlled by adjusting the interface action of the active particles and sewage, so that the antibacterial and adsorption deodorization active components in the antibacterial and deodorization particles are stably and slowly released; it is ensured that the efficient and long-acting antibacterial and deodorizing effect can be achieved for 14 days in complex water environments such as domestic sewage treatment.

The invention belongs to the technical field of adsorbents, and relates to an aluminum-based lithium adsorbent, a polyacrylamide-based high-hydrophilic membrane, a hydrophilic loading method of the polyacrylamide-based high-hydrophilic membrane and application of the polyacrylamide-based high-hydrophilic membrane. And the novel polyacrylamide-based polymer hydrophilic membrane which is of a three-dimensional network porous structure and is loaded with the aluminum-based lithium adsorbent is successfully prepared, the elongation of the membrane is 1500-2000%, the tensile strength of the membrane is 0.5-0.6 Mpa, and the membrane has relatively high water absorption, high lithium adsorption capacity and high lithium extraction efficiency and can be used for extracting lithium resources in salt lake brine.

A membrane technology based on a wettability material has the problem of membrane pollution and cannot efficiently and stably separate and purify oil-containing wastewater, so that a preparation method of a hydrophilic membrane with excellent hydrophilicity and an open pore channel is urgently needed. The invention discloses an ultrahigh hydrophilic membrane for efficiently and stably separating an oil-in-water emulsion, which is characterized in that magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs) are wrapped in membrane fibers through electrostatic spinning and an in-situ growth method, and a hydrophilic polyaniline rough micro-nanosphere structure grows on the surface of the membrane fibers. Under the action of a magnetic field, the magnetic particles obtain magnetism, the generated magnetic interaction force pulls the nanofiber to optimize the membrane structure, and hydrophilic groups are further exposed while membrane holes are supported. The flux of the prepared three-dimensional hydrophilic membrane for separating n-hexane-in-water emulsion under the action of a 0.2 T magnetic field is up to 8957.9 Lm <-2 > h <-1 >, and the efficiency is up to 99.87%. The membrane shows optimal separation performance in short-term and long-term cycle tests, and is expected to be applied to actual oily wastewater purification scenes.

The invention discloses an amino-modified graphene oxide hydrophilic membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of membrane material preparation. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out hydrophilic modification on graphene oxide by using an amino group modified substance through a blending method to obtain a membrane casting solution, and defoaming to prepare the hydrophilic membrane. The preparation method of the hydrophilic film is simple, amino groups and groups such as hydroxyl groups on the surface of the graphene oxide are strongly adsorbed through hydrogen bonds, and the hydrophilic film is relatively stable in property. According to the preparation method, the graphene oxide is directly subjected to surface hydrophilic modification, the graphene oxide hydrophilic film is prepared by adopting a blending method, a base film does not need to be used, and the production cost of the hydrophilic film is reduced; compared with an existing common commodity microfiltration membrane, the hydrophilic performance of the hydrophilic membrane is greatly improved, meanwhile, compared with a microfiltration membrane which is subjected to amino modified graphene oxide graft modification by taking a commercial microfiltration membrane as a base membrane, the hydrophilic performance of the hydrophilic membrane is equivalent to that of the commercial microfiltration membrane, and the hydrophilic membrane has higher cost performance.

The application discloses a kind of hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride oil-water separation membranes and preparation method thereof, belong to oil-water separation membrane technical field.The preparation method steps include: with 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone as photo initiator, 3,6-dioxane-1,8-octane dithiol and polyethylene glycol diacrylate as modifier, by photo initiation mercapto-olefin gradually polymerization method is modified to alkali treated PVDF membrane, and hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride oil-water separation membrane is prepared.The application is grafted to PVDF separation membrane surface by photo initiation mercapto-olefin gradually polymerization method, and hydrophilic separation membrane is obtained.The preparation method provided by the application has the characteristics of simple process, low cost and the like, and the prepared hydrophilic membrane can be further developed and utilized as sewage treatment separation membrane, hemodialysis membrane.

The invention provides a slow-release organic-inorganic compound fertilizer based on synergistic interaction of a carrier immobilized enzyme and a cofactor and a preparation method of the slow-release organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers. According to the application, heat-insulation enzyme-loaded particles are added during pile building, a semi-coke-perlite low-heat-conduction framework forms a cold island in a reactor core, and a starch-polypeptide-sodium tripolyphosphate cross-linked membrane is used for firmly immobilizing enzyme, so that heat inactivation is prevented, fibrin is rapidly cracked, free ammonia is adsorbed, and the pile temperature is promoted to rapidly rise; then, dynamic humidity regulating particles are put, reversible water release-water absorption of montmorillonite is combined with glycerin, and a sorbitol hydrophilic film automatically and stably controls water content and supplements easily-degradable carbon, so that over-wet anaerobic or over-dry enzyme loss is avoided; the enzyme cofactor powder added in the later period slowly releases manganese, calcium and copper to serve as enzyme complement, alanyl glutamine serves as a molecular chaperone to repair damaged conformation, and copper and zinc are chelated to passivate heavy metal; the three agents sequentially realize'keep-alive, stable-alive ', prolong the high activity period of enzyme, accelerate lignin degradation, and reduce nitrogen volatilization, odor and heavy metal risks at the same time.

The invention belongs to the technical field of plasters, and particularly relates to a plaster with long-term one-way moisture conduction performance and a preparation method of the plaster. After a backing layer of an original plaster is punched and subjected to oxygen / air plasma treatment, a large-molecular-weight polymer and a small-molecular-weight hydrophilic liquid reagent are sequentially applied to be combined, and the plaster with the long-term one-way moisture conduction performance is obtained. In-situ construction of a hydrophilic film on the inner surface of a hole of the drug matrix layer is carried out in cooperation with super-hydrophilic modification of the backing layer. The plaster patch disclosed by the invention can obtain long-term and efficient one-way moisture conduction and one-way perspiration functions on the premise of not influencing the drug effect, and the problems of discomfort and allergy of skin are avoided.

The invention provides an automatic analysis device and the like which do not remain air bubbles in the device. The automatic analysis device (1) is provided with a dispensing mechanism (100). This dispensing mechanism (100) is provided with: nozzles (sample dispensing nozzle (10), reagent dispensing nozzle (11), dispensing nozzle (102), dispensing nozzle (115)) that suck / discharge a liquid; a pressure generation mechanism (water supply pump (111)) that is connected to the nozzles and generates pressure for sucking / discharging the liquid; and a flow path (104) that measures the flow path including the nozzles and the pressure generation mechanism. A hydrophilic film (305) is formed on an inner surface (203a) of the pressure sensor unit (112), the hydrophilic film (305) containing a silicon compound and at least one of silica particles and alumina particles, and the hydrophilic film (305) is formed on the inner surface (203a) of the pressure sensor unit (112). The relationship between the arithmetic average roughness Ra0 of the base material (301) of the inner surface (203a) and the arithmetic average roughness Ra1 of the inner surface (203a) after the hydrophilic film (305) is formed is 0.8 * Ra0 < = Ra1.

The application relates to an electrochemical cell for an electrocatalytic reaction of organic substrates to form a reaction product and a corresponding electrocatalytic process. The electrochemical cell comprises a first, porous electrode and a second electrode in a first and a second compartment (an oxidation compartment and a reduction compartment). The first and second compartments are separated by the first electrode, wherein the first electrode comprises a catalyst layer, a hydrophobic membrane is arranged on the side of the first electrode facing away from the second compartment, and a hydrophilic membrane is arranged on the side of the first electrode facing the second compartment. The hydrophilic membrane comprises an ionomer.

A hydrophilic composition that includes at least one of an organic silicon compound represented by formula (1), a condensate of an organic silicon compound represented by formula (1), and the product of reacting an organic silicon compound represented by formula (1) and metal oxide particles makes it possible to obtain a hydrophilic coating film that has excellent durability. (In the formula, the R1s each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C1–10 alkyl group, or a C6–10 aryl group, the R2s each independently represent a C1–10 alkyl group or a C6–10 aryl group, X represents a hydrogen atom, a k-valent metal cation, or an ammonium cation, k is 1 or 2, provided that k is 1 when X is a hydrogen atom or an ammonium cation, m is an integer from 1 to 10, inclusive, and n is an integer from 1 to 3, inclusive.)

The invention discloses a multi-channel sample detection device and method based on lateral flow test strips. The multi-channel sample detection device comprises a sample pad, an upper pressure fixing disc, a sample distribution disc, a hydrophilic film and a test strip distribution disc, the sample distribution disc is provided with a sample distribution area and a sample distribution runner; the sample pad is arranged in the sample distribution area; the hydrophilic film is adhered to the back surfaces of the sample pad and the sample distribution disc; the test strip distribution disc sleeves the periphery of the sample distribution disc, and the test strip distribution disc is a test strip area; and the upper pressing fixed disc is pressed above the periphery of the sample distribution disc and above the test strip distribution disc. A liquid sample flows to the corresponding test strips in the test strip distribution plate through the plurality of sample distribution runners of the sample distribution plate for detection, external power and complex equipment are not needed, and the liquid sample can be detected only through micro-runner optimization, structural design and capillary force effect. The liquid sample to be detected can be quickly, uniformly and automatically distributed in a plurality of detection flow channels, so that the consistency, reliability and operation convenience of a multi-channel detection result are effectively improved.

To provide an unsupported permanently hydrophilic filtration membrane and a method for forming the same.SOLUTION: An unsupported permanently hydrophilic filtration membrane includes a polymeric matrix material and a crosslinked polyoxazoline hydrophilic additive blended throughout the matrix material. A process for forming a permanently hydrophilic filtration membrane involves providing one or more casting solutions of a polymer comprising a polyoxazoline and a solvent for the polymer. The casting solution (s) are then simultaneously or sequentially applied onto a support in order to form a liquid sheet. To form the membrane, phase separation of the casting solution (s) is allowed to occur in the liquid sheet. The membrane is immersed in water or an aqueous solution. The wet membrane is treated with an electron beam to crosslink the polyoxazoline, and the permanently hydrophilic filtration membrane is separated from the support.SELECTED DRAWING: None

A process for obtaining acetoin from a medium containing it is provided, the process comprising a dehydration step by pervaporation using a hydrophilic membrane. This process allows for the satisfactory isolation and purification of acetoin, both in terms of quality and yield. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for solvents and avoids the generation of impurities. Figure 1

The invention relates to an amine regulation-based HOF-21 (at) SA membrane for dehydration of an organic solvent, and belongs to the field of pervaporation separation membranes. A coordination reaction and hydrogen bond assembly are integrated in a gradual decoupling mode, a hydrogen bond organic framework (HOF-21) with a controllable particle size is prepared, and the hydrogen bond organic framework (HOF-21) and a hydrophilic sodium alginate (SA) base material are uniformly blended according to a certain proportion to prepare a membrane casting solution. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is used as a supporting material, the interface bonding strength of the separation layer and the supporting layer is regulated and controlled, and the compact composite membrane is prepared through spin coating. The proper pore size of the HOF-21 provides a precise size screening effect, and the separation performance of the membrane on an organic solvent / water is improved; the small-particle-size HOF-21 nano-particles obtained through amine regulation and control are good in dispersion in a solvent and excellent in compatibility with SA. The super-hydrophilic membrane prepared by the invention has high separation performance and wide application prospect.

The invention relates to the technical field of grease fuel, and discloses a grease fuel purification device which comprises a purification box, a separation drum is arranged at the top of the purification box, a feeding pipe is arranged at the top of the separation drum in a communicating mode, a discharging pipe is arranged at the top of the separation drum in a communicating mode, and a suction pump is arranged outside the discharging pipe. And the hydrophilic film in the square frame is pushed to continuously vibrate. The vibration enables an oil-water mixture to be in full contact with a hydrophilic membrane, tiny water drops and emulsion are effectively separated, the problem that only large-particle water can be separated and the emulsion or the tiny water drops cannot be treated by a traditional heating mode is solved, the water separation precision is greatly improved, and fuel in a square frame can be stirred through front-back movement of a push plate. Due to the stirring action, the fuel can be in full contact with the hydrophilic film, and the phenomenon that the fuel is locally accumulated or layered in the square frame is avoided, so that the contact probability of water and the hydrophilic film is increased, and the purification effect of the grease fuel is improved.

The application is based on the adsorption and desorption mechanism of water molecules in the pervaporation membrane, and a new type of pervaporation dehydration composite membrane with hydrophilic membrane surface and hydrophobic membrane interior is prepared. First, a relatively hydrophobic polyamide membrane layer is prepared by interfacial polymerization, and then a hydrophilic layer is coated on the surface of the polyamide membrane. By changing the preparation conditions of polyamide, the type and concentration of the hydrophilic layer, a high hydrophilic pervaporation membrane with less defects and conducive to the passage of water molecules is obtained. The method uses inexpensive and environmentally friendly materials as the hydrophilic layer, changes the complexity of the traditional polyamide post-processing method, and is easy to popularize. While improving the membrane separation performance, it can reduce bacterial growth, and is used for pervaporation dehydration membrane, pervaporation organic separation membrane, anti-fouling nanofiltration membrane, and anti-fouling reverse osmosis membrane, which opens up new ideas and methods for preparing high-performance membranes under harsh conditions.

The present application relates to the technical field of ore dressing, discloses a kind of activator N,N-bis phosphonamidic sulfonates, its structural formula is as shown in formula 1, N,N-bis phosphonamidic sulfonates contain phosphonic acid group (-PO3H2) and sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) two functional groups, with the molecular architecture of double active center synergistic effect;And the preparation method of N,N-bis phosphonamidic sulfonates, with the application of N,N-bis phosphonamidic sulfonates in the field of sulfide ore flotation.The present application first proposes a new type of sulfide ore activator N,N-bis phosphonamidic sulfonates, can effectively destroy the hydrophilic film on the surface of sulfide ore, restores mineral surface activity, both can enhance the adsorption firmness of reagent molecule on the surface of mineral, and also can inhibit secondary adsorption of impurity ions, realizes the efficient enrichment of sulfide ore in raw ore, and it is relatively mild, and the degree of pollution is low.

With all the conventional measures, namely, conventional horticultural management techniques (such as fertilizers in soil cultivation and hydroponic cultivation), selection of soil, temperature in the growth environment, intensity and quality of horticultural lighting, photoperiodic cycle, and drought treatment during the reproductive growth period of a plant, the increase in the inflorescence dry weight of the plant and in the content of secondary metabolites in the inflorescence has been limited. The present invention uses a plant cultivation system wherein at least a part of the roots of a plant adheres to one surface of a hydrophilic film, a nutrient fluid is disposed to be in contact with the other surface of the hydrophilic film opposite to the film surface to which the plant roots adhere, and a switching between the vegetative growth period and reproductive growth period of the plant is performed by changing the light period. The cultivation system and cultivation method of the present invention makes it possible to promote growth of inflorescences in which secondary metabolites are accumulated, and therefore can be used in the fields of agriculture and the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.

The present application relates to the technical field of purification, and discloses a dehydrated fiber membrane and a preparation method and application thereof.A dehydrated fiber membrane, wherein the dehydrated fiber membrane comprises a hollow fiber membrane base, a first silane membrane, a first hydrophilic membrane and a first modified membrane are coated on the inner surface of the hollow fiber membrane base from inside to outside, and a second silane membrane, a second hydrophilic membrane and a second modified membrane are coated on the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane base from inside to outside; the first hydrophilic membrane and the second hydrophilic membrane each independently contain an amide group; the first modified membrane contains a sulfonamide group; and the second modified membrane contains a pyrrole group, a sulfhydryl group and / or a sulfide group.The dehydrated fiber membrane can effectively reduce the content of oligomers in the hydroxyacetic acid dehydration process.

The invention provides a biosensor. The biosensor comprises a base material; the double-faced adhesive tape is located on the base material, and a blood suction groove and a gap are formed in the double-faced adhesive tape; the blood suction groove is communicated with the gap; the hydrophilic film is positioned on the double faced adhesive tape; and the hydrophilic film completely covers the double faced adhesive tape. Vent holes do not need to be formed in the hydrophilic film, die cutting machining does not need to be conducted on the hydrophilic film to obtain vent gaps, the machining difficulty and the machining cost are effectively reduced, the double-faced adhesive tape and the blood suction groove are completely covered with the hydrophilic film, the risk of dust sticking is effectively avoided, the hydrophilic film only needs to cover the double-faced adhesive tape in the production process, and the production efficiency is improved. The test paper has the advantages of simple structure, no alignment requirement, effective improvement of the production efficiency and the yield, no ventilation part on the front surface of the test paper, effective avoiding of liquid pollution, no blood seepage from the front surface, high biological safety, and better control of the sample injection volume through the gap structure of the double faced adhesive tape.

The present disclosure provides a porous membrane capable of removing very small particulates from a liquid composition. In certain embodiments, the porous membrane comprises poly (tetrafluoroethylene), where the membrane is at least partially coated with a polymer prepared from a free radical reaction of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, where the monomers comprise monomers having amide moieties. In particular embodiments, the membrane is capable of removing microbial particles (e.g., bacteria) by filtration, thereby making the resulting liquid composition substantially sterile.

The invention relates to the technical field of reverse osmosis membranes, and discloses a high chlorine-resistant hydrophilic membrane and a preparation process thereof.The hydrophilic membrane comprises a membrane body, a first chlorine-resistant layer and a second chlorine-resistant layer, the first chlorine-resistant layer and the second chlorine-resistant layer are sequentially arranged on the surface of the membrane body, the first chlorine-resistant layer is prepared from laccase, dopamine, 5, 5-dimethylethylhydantoin and a stabilizer, the laccase concentration is 0.1-0.3 wt%, the dopamine concentration is 0.1-0.3 wt%, and the stabilizer concentration is 0.1-0.3 wt%. The concentration of the dopamine ranges from 0.8 wt% to 1.2 wt%, the concentration of the 5, 5-dimethylethyl hydantoin ranges from 0.3 wt% to 0.6 wt%, and the concentration of the stabilizer ranges from 0.2 wt% to 0.4 wt%; the second chlorine-resistant layer is obtained by crosslinking first carboxymethyl dextran and second carboxymethyl dextran, the molecular weight of the first carboxymethyl dextran is smaller than that of the second carboxymethyl dextran, and the weight ratio of the first carboxymethyl dextran to the second carboxymethyl dextran is (1-5): 1. According to the invention, the durability of chlorine resistance can be improved, and good water flux can be maintained.

The invention discloses an acid and alkali resistant composite material and a preparation method and application thereof in solar photo-thermal water evaporation, and belongs to the technical field of photo-thermal conversion materials, the key point of the technical scheme is that the preparation method of the acid and alkali resistant composite material comprises the following steps: S1, mixing pure water, ethanol and isopropanol to obtain a mixed solvent; s2, molybdenum acetylacetonate is dissolved in a mixed solvent to obtain a mixed solution; s3, the mixed solution and a hydrophilic PTFE film are mixed and then heated for 8-12 h at the temperature of 180-220 DEG C, and the MoO2 / PTFE composite material is prepared, molybdenum dioxide balls grow on the hydrophilic PTFE film through a solvothermal method, the water evaporation rate of the composite material can be kept stable in the severe environment (acidic, alkaline or high-salt), and therefore the composite material shows excellent stability and durability, and the composite material can be used for preparing the composite material. In addition, the used materials are low in price, the manufacturing process is simple, and popularization is easy.