163 results about "Semi aride" patented technology

The invention discloses a remote sensing inversion method for land surface evapotranspiration of arid and semi-arid regions. The method comprises the steps of: acquiring and processing EOS/MODISE (Earth Observing System/Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) remotely sensed data; performing the inversion of near-surface temperature and computing atmospheric transmittance; obtaining a land surface latent heat flux by solving a net radiation quantity, a soil heat flux and a sensible heat flux according to a land surface energy balance equation; and figuring out land surface evapotranspiration data according to the land surface latent heat flux. According to the invention, aiming at the characteristics of rare meteorological stations in the arid region of Northwest China, a near-surface temperature inversion model and an atmospheric transmittance model both based on remotely sensed data are established, and the temperature obtained by the remote sensing inversion is used for participating in the computation instead of the observed temperatures of the stations; therefore, requirements on meteorological and other observation data are reduced.

The invention provides a dry farming anti-aging long-acting autumn mulching film which meets the requirements that rain is collected and soil moisture is preserved, and autumn rain is used in spring in agricultural production of arid and semi-arid regions. Specifically, the dry farming anti-aging long-acting autumn mulching film is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.3 to 0.5 percent of polymerization hindered amine light stabilizer, 0.08 to 0.16 percent of complex antioxidant, 73.6 to 81 percent of linear low-density polyethylene, 0.06 to 0.12 percent of ultraviolet absorber, 8 to 15 percent of low-density polyethylene, 5 to 10 percent of metallocene linear polyethylene, and 5 to 10 percent of high-density polyethylene, and the total percentage of all thecomponents is 100 percent. The produced dry farming anti-aging long-acting autumn mulching film effectively meets the requirements that rain is collected and soil moisture is preserved, and the anti-aging time of mulching film coverage during production of crops can reach 300 to 540 days.

The invention discloses a large-ridge and double-line under-film drip-irrigation water-saving cultivation method of winter and early spring potatoes. The method comprises the following steps of (1) potato seed selection and treatment, (2) seeding, (3) drip-irrigation equipment laying and plastic film mulching, and (4) field management. The cultivation method is a water-saving irrigation technology combining a large-ridge and double-line technology, a plastic film mulching technology and a drip-irrigation technology organically, has a particularly remarkable effect in arid and semi-arid regions, integrates the edge line advantage, maintenance of the optimum water content of root regions, effective improvement of the ground temperature, evaporation suppression and water saving, has the characteristics of preserving soil moisture, maintaining fertilizers, keeping warm, remarkably improving utilization of optical energy, water and the fertilizers, saving the water, saving labor, increasing a yield and improving the efficiency, and has the advantages of saving the water and the labor, increasing the yield and improving the efficiency.

The invention relates to a cultivation waste water trickle irrigation method for a wheat-corn crop rotation system in arid-semiarid regions. The method adopts cultivation waste water undergoing standard-reaching treatment, fully utilizes the advantages of a farmland trickle irrigation system, determines maximum farmland irrigation amount and reasonable irrigation frequency of the cultivation waste water for wheat and corns, and forms a water-fertilizer integrated staple-crop cultivation waste water irrigation system having ecological characteristics of the northern arid-semiarid regions on the premises of guaranteeing crop yield, quality and environmental safety. On the condition that the crops are high-yield, the method enables the cultivation-industry waste water to be effectively utilized, can reduce application amount of chemical nitrogenous fertilizer and further reduces surface source pollution.

The invention discloses a composite material for eco-environment construction of plants. The composite material is formed by compounding organic polymers, organic bioactive materials, organic wastes, nutrient elements needed for plant growth, controlled-release and soil-conditioning materials and the like. The composite material can be applied into soil by soil blending or an aqueous solution, has multiple efficacies of supplying nutritions, slowly releasing and balancing nutrition constituents, improving physicochemical properties of soil, holding moisture and resisting draught, restricting salinization or alkalinization, resisting wind erosion and water erosion and the like, achieves dual functions of improving plant growth environments and increasing plant survivability and is particularly suitable for eco-environment construction of plants and husbandry production in western loess semi-aired areas, high-salinization and high-alkalization desertification soil and other loose-structure soil areas in China. The composite material disclosed by the invention has the advantages of optimized functional compounding, no toxicity and harms, low cost, quick effect taking, simpleness and convenience for construction and capabilities of effectively improving desertification soil, providing favorable water and soil conditions for plant growth and improving quality and efficiency of eco-environment engineering construction.

The invention relates to the technical field of sampling equipment and particularly relates to a water pumping device for pumping farmland leaching water in a semi-arid irrigated area in the northwest. The water pumping device comprises a pumping pipe, the bottom of the pumping pipe is connected to a drill bit, the top of the pumping pipe is provided with a motor, the drill bit has a hollow structure, the drill bit is uniformly provided with four ground drilling blades, the drill bit between the each two adjacent ground drilling blades is provided with a water pumping hole, a primary filtering screen is arranged in each one of the water pumping holes, a water feeding pipe is connected to each one of the water pumping holes, the water feeding pipes are arranged in the drill bit and pass through the top of the drill bit, a water blocking sheet is arranged in each one of the water feeding pipes, the top of the drill bit is provided with a high efficiency filter screen, the bottom of the pumping pipe is provided with a circular groove, a circular airbag is arranged in the circular groove, the circular airbag is provided with an air charging device and the lower part in the pumping pipe is provided with a piston body. The water pumping device can take water samples at different depths and effectively prevent the influence caused by air ingredients and soil ingredients on the nitrogen content detection.

The invention discloses a high-yield planting method for preventing and treating corn stem rot in semi-arid regions, belonging to the technical field of agricultural planting and culturing. The high-yield planting method comprises the following steps: land selection and preparation, seed selection, seed treatment, ridging, base fertilizer application, seeding, drop irrigation, water feeding, weeding, membrane lamination, top application, field management, corn stem rot prevention, harvesting and the like. According to the high-yield planting method, the problem that the seeding emergence rate of corns in the second year is influenced by the total straw application of straws is solved; by processing corn seeds, the emergence rate can be improved by more than or equal to 5%, and the straw turnover in the second year is not influenced; the preventing and treating effect of the corn stem rot reaches more than or equal to 70%; water is saved by more than or equal to 40%, and the corn yield is increased to be 800-1000 kilograms per hectare; adverse factors caused by the ecological environment to the agricultural production are overcome, the traditional agricultural production mode is changed, the unit yield is increased, the yield and the efficiency are increased, and the effects of reducing wind erosion of soil, protecting the environment and improving the drought resisting capacity and the production stability of crops are achieved.

The invention provides a water-saving, fertilizer-saving, high-yield and efficient planting method for corn in semiarid regions. The water-saving, fertilizer-saving, high-yield and efficient planting method has the advantages that water and nutrients can be simultaneously supplied by the aid of drip irrigation systems according to water and nutrient requirement laws of t various growth and development stages of the corn in the semiarid regions, accordingly, water and nutrients which are required by the corn can be timely and accurately supplied, water and nutrient requirements of the corn in different periods can be met, and water and fertilizers can be cooperatively managed and efficiently utilized.

The invention relates to a humic-acid silicic-acid biodegradable agricultural mulching film. A plastic non-degradable mulching film is known as 'a ten-thousand disaster'. A degradable liquid mulching film has a function of preserving soil moisture and heat but is poorer than the plastic film, and resists cold and heavy wind but cannot be trodden by people and livestock. One of the defects is that the degradable liquid mulching film cannot be moved and weeds cannot be pulled. In the 1980s, the foreign biodegradable mulching film is introduced into the Chinese market once, but the price is too high, so the foreign biodegradable mulching film is not suitable for the national condition and is out of the market. Low-cost natural organic raw materials, humic acid and silicic acid are activated by biological bacteria, rice, wheat and tobacco straws are smashed and are decomposed and fermented by decomposing bacteria to extract humic acid materials, silicic acid reacts with a degradable binder containing nutrient elements needed by plant growth and a filmogen for mixed-graft modification and compounding and drying to form the film, and the film is applied to arid and semi-arid land. The product is degraded to become fertilizers, and is a new technology product which is affordable by the planting industry, and is convenient and practical and environment-friendly.

The invention discloses a powder ridge deep-cyclone water-storage seedling-retaining growth promoting and cultivation method in arid and semi-arid regions. The middle of a cultivating area is deep-ploughed by using a rotary tillage spiral type machine while the two sides of the cultivating area are shallow-ploughed; the soils are milled at the same time; the soils are naturally ridged after the soils are rotated in a deep mode and loosened so as to form a T-shaped ridge land of which the two sides are surrounded by shallow loosening soils and the inclined surfaces have a certain angle. Drainage channels are arranged in a non-cultivation area, a film covers the ridge land, planting holes are formed in the ridge land, and a water-storage tank for storing water and retaining water is established around the planting holes; meanwhile, standardization farm operations such as fertilizer application and pesticide application are carried out, so that the operation is finished mechanically and integrally once, and the labor efficiency is greatly improved; by using the cultivating method, the water content of the soil is effectively increased by more than 30 percent, the production of crops is increased by more than 40 percent, and the economic benefit is obviously increased; moreover, a new ecological balance system is established, and the method has a great popularization value in the northwest arid region.

The invention relates to a method for building a desert-oasis transitional zone sand shrub mulberry ecological economy dual-purpose forest. The method comprises the steps of planting field selecting, planting time control, planting method selecting, water and fertilizer control, tender leaf picking, crowded branch-leaf trimming, cradling and the like. Matched manual water and fertilizer control management measures are used, the growing speed of sand shrub mulberries is improved, the requirements for wind and sand blocking and product deep processing are achieved synchronously, and the shortcoming that plant developing and using rate is not high due to the fact that more attention is paid to economic benefit than to ecological functions in sand shrub mulberry planting is overcome. The planting range of the sand shrub mulberries is expanded to a desert-oasis transitional zone which has poor habitat conditions in a dry desert zone for planting and developing from a semiarid and semihumid zone which has good habitat conditions, the characteristics of high adaptability to an adverse situation and quick effect of ecological benefit of the sand shrub mulberries are fully used, the sand shrub mulberries are planted in the dry sand zone, the planting method is simple, management is easy, survival rate is high, growing is exuberant, ecological protecting benefit is good, economic benefit is considerable, and accordingly the method has high practicability, operability and generalization performance.

The invention provides a protein OsAHL associated with rice stress resistance (including but not limited to drought resistance, low-temperature resistance and high salt stress resistance) and chloroplast growth and a nucleotide sequence for coding polypeptide having the activity of the rice protein OsAHL. 70 percent of the nucleotide sequence is homologous with a nucleotide sequence from position 69 to position 1169 in a nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No.2, so the nucleotide sequence can be crossed with the nucleotide sequence from position 69 to position 1169 in the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No.2. The rice gene OsAHL provided by the invention has the functions of regulating the growth of chloroplasts and improving the activity and stability of a photosynthetical system; the gene plays an obvious role in the aspect of plant stress resistance (including but not limited to drought resistance, low-temperature resistance and high salt stress resistance) and therefore has a high application value; and the gen can obviously reduce the loss of the yield and biological yield of crops under the drought, semi-arid, high-salt content and low-temperature conditions or other conditions.

The invention provides a simulation method of a multi-model flexible architecture based on basin fine classification. The simulation method comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a Xinanjiang-Green Ampt mixed runoff production calculation model of a semi-humid semi-arid basin; S2, subjecting the semi-humid and semi-arid watershed to infiltration-excess and saturation-excess sub-watersheddivision for fine classification; and S3, constructing a flexible architecture model of the infiltration-excess and saturation-excess space of the semi-humid and semi-arid watershed, and performing calculation. The invention provides a convenient and effective method for forecasting the flood process of the semi-humid and semi-arid region, finely classifies the watershed, provides a more reasonable and reliable simulation method for simulating the flood, and improves the calculation precision of the hydrological model. And meanwhile, the problem of classification of mountainous watersheds in medium and small drainage basins lacking observation data is solved, important basic data is provided for flood forecasting and other aspects of the semi-humid and semi-arid regions, and the scientificity of flood forecasting of the semi-humid and semi-arid regions is enhanced. The method is stable and reliable in data source, high in calculation efficiency and objective and reasonable in result.

The invention provides a water retention agent suitable for arid/semiarid region farmland soil. The invention is technically characterized in that the water retention agent is prepared from 2-8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-1 part of dodecyl fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (3) ether ammonium sulfate, 0.1-0.5 part of dodecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene (9) ether, 0.001-0.008 part of triacontanol, 0.1-0.5 part of n-octanol, 5-15 parts of polyacrylic acid, 2-10 parts of ammonium monoacid phosphate, 2-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-10 parts of fulvic acid, 0.01-0.05 part of indolebutyric acid, 1-3 parts of magnesium sulfate and 40-55 parts of water. The water retention agent is prepared by the following steps: weighing the components in parts by weight, mixing at the room temperature of 20-25 DEG C, sufficiently stirring for 40-60 minutes to form a uniform mixture, and filtering to obtain the finished product. After the amount of precipitation reaches more than 20mm, the water retention agent is sprayed on the ground surface with a sprayer. The invention is suitable for the demands of soil loosening and water retention for arid/semiarid region farmland soil, removes the soil hardening, loosens the soil, improves the air permeability, promotes the formation of the crumb structure, breaks the farmland plough pan, increases the plough layer depth, enlarges the storage capacity of the soil reservoir, and enhances the water-holding capacity of soil.

The invention relates to the technical field of hard-branch cutting afforestation methods for Chinese tamarisk of arid and semi-arid areas, in particular to a hard-branch cutting afforestation method for Chinese tamarisk of arid and semi-arid areas in summer. According to the hard-branch cutting afforestation method for the Chinese tamarisk of the arid and semi-arid areas in summer, the cutting survival rate and the retention rate of the Chinese tamarisk in summer can be remarkably increased, and hard branches of the Chinese tamarisk can survive through cutting in the arid and semi-arid areas in summer. In the method, the stored Chinese tamarisk hard-branch seedlings are combined with the modern irrigation technology, so that the adverse effects on Chinese tamarisk cutting afforestation by limiting factors such as aridity, high temperature, wind and sand are effectively reduced, the time breakthrough of the Chinese tamarisk cutting afforestation is achieved, and the method has important practical significance to forestry and ecological construction, especially large-scale afforestation and ecological construction. In addition, compared with conventional afforestation by planting seedlings, the method has the advantages that no seedlings need to be purchased or allocated or transported, neither digging nor planting is required, and afforestation cost is reduced by 80 percent.

The invention discloses a method for observing preferential flows in arid and semi-arid alpine regions, which belongs to a technical measure for researching forest hydrology processes, water resources and sloping-field runoff characteristics. In a technique and a method for observing preferential flow observing fields in arid and semi-arid alpine regions disclosed by the invention, according to the theories of forest ecology and forest hydrology, the occurrence regularity and development regularity of snowmelt runoffs are observed and studied, and through observation, research and analysis, the change rule of preferential flows under the conditions of different weather conditions, different forest vegetations, different forest coverage rates, different manual acting modes and different slope positions and directions is revealed, thereby finding effective ways of increasing the flow rate of preferential flows, developing and rationally utilizing water resources, making up the flow rate of river channels in dry seasons, relieving the contradiction of water utilization for spring ploughing in the middle and lower reaches of rivers, and solving practical problems which are badly required to be solved in current agricultural production.

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-yield culture of fruit trees of economic value in arid regions and semiarid regions and particularly provides a fertilization method for medlar aged no more than 4 years. As for the fertilization method for the medlar with the tree age of no more than 4 years provided by the invention, the medlar aged no more than 4 years comprises medlar in a newly-built garden and medlar aged 2-4 years; fertilization comprises application of basal fertilizers and application of additional fertilizers; and the fertilization method comprises performing deepapplication of fertilizers. According to the invention, the fertilization method of performing deep application of the fertilizers is adopted, so that the fertilizer absorption rate is improved and the fertilizer volatilization rate is reduced; the medlar can achieve higher yield through applying less fertilizers, so that the input amount of the fertilizers in unit area is reduced, thus the soil pH value is reduced from 8.57 to 7.23, the soil secondary salinization is relieved, the sustainable utilization of farmland is protected, the soil in an irrigated area is effectively prevented from being subjected to saline-alkali damage, and plantable species in saline-alkaline land are enriched.

The present invention relates to a combined monitoring device for studies of hydraulic lift of field plant roots. The monitoring device for hydraulic lift of plant roots of the invention consists of a soil moisture isolation tank with a lower bottom, a soil moisture evaporation isolation membrane, a soil moisture determination probe tube, a soil moisture isolation tank upper soil water potential determination probe tube, a deep root zone soil water potential determination probe tube, and a subsoil water supplement tube. The bottom surface of the soil moisture isolation tank is provided with a hole for a root to penetrate through, and both the bottom surface of the soil moisture isolation tank and the soil moisture evaporation isolation membrane are provided with holes for arranging the soil moisture determination probe tube, the soil moisture isolation tank upper soil water potential determination probe tube, and the deep root zone soil water potential determination probe tube, wherein both the soil moisture isolation tank and the soil moisture evaporation isolation membrane are composed of detachable two parts, a right part and a left part. The device of the invention can be used for fundamental researches of plant water physiological ecology to provide practical guidance for vegetation species collocation during planting artificial vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas.

The invention discloses a fast seedling method for introducing Prunus mongolica in loess plateau regions, comprising the following steps: step 1) of pre-processing; step 2) of soaking seeds; step 3) of drying; step 4) of sowing. The method has the following advantages: the Prunus mongolica plays an important role in development of grassland animal husbandry; seedling technology researches of rare and endangered Prunus mongolica in the loess plateau regions are protected remotely; and establishing a Prunus mongolica seed bank is important for protection of the Prunus mongolica. The method plays a positive role for effective utilization and protection of genetic resources of the Prunus mongolica in arid and semi-arid regions, and fills technical gaps for fast breeding the Prunus mongolica in the loess plateau regions. The method is important for mass propagation of the Prunus mongolica in the loess plateau regions and protection of ecological environment and biodiversity in desert regions, and is featured with very significant ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits.

The invention discloses a high-yield planting method for silage corn in arid and semi-arid regions and belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation. The high-yield planting method for the silage corn in the arid and semi-arid regions includes the six big steps of site preparation, seed treatment, fixed hole planting, irrigation, topdressing and field management. The high-yield planting method for the silage corn in the arid and semi-arid regions has the advantages that with base fertilizer and topdressing with specific formulas adopted, drip irrigation technology combined with aspecially-made cone-shaped nutrient bowl seeding and planting method, and specific nutrient substrates in nutrient bowls cooperated with fertilizer and water, soil structure in soil is improved, soilwater retention and fertilizer conservation ability are enhanced, and fertilizer utilization rate is improved; various content such as protein content, fresh biomass yield and dry biomass yield of thesilage corn cultivated by the planting method are significantly higher than those by conventional planting methods, feeding value is high, and a wide range of application and popularization values are guaranteed.

A screening method for arid and semi-arid lead and zinc mining area remediation plants comprises the steps of conducting preliminary screening and determination of the remediation plants; conducting field planting and field potting of the remediation plants; rapidly detecting the content of heavy metal in soil through a portable instrument; collecting samples, preparing sample liquids and detecting the sample liquids through a traditional chemical method in a laboratory; and determining the screened remediation plants. By the adoption of the screening method for the arid and semi-arid lead and zinc mining area remediation plants, the field potting experiment and the field control experiment are combined to ensure that the growth environments of the plants in an experimental group and a control group are similar; and the plants which are high in drought resistance, exuberant in vitality and short in growth cycle, belong to the same family and genus with the existing remediation plants and are suitable for local plantation are selected, the content of heavy metal in surface soil is rapidly detected through the portable heavy metal content determining instrument, and therefore the screening period of the remediation plants is greatly shortened. The screening method for the arid and semi-arid lead and zinc mining area remediation plants has the beneficial effects of being high in controllability and comparability, short in screening period and high in practical application value. Through the screening method, the arid and semi-arid lead and zinc mining area heavy metal remediation plants can be efficiently screened out, so that soil heavy metal pollution in the area and similar areas is effectively controlled and soil purification is achieved.

The invention discloses a system and a method for treatment of shallow groundwater pollution. The system comprises a seepage reservoir which is built at a site in a groundwater contaminated area, anda water pump which is arranged at the bottom of the seepage reservoir and used for pumping treated groundwater out of the seepage reservoir, wherein the bottom of the seepage reservoir and the slope surrounding the seepage reservoir are respectively covered with a filling medium layer which is composed of a limestone gravel layer with a thickness of 15 to 50 cm, an active carbon layer with a thickness of 15 to 50 cm, a zeolite layer with a thickness of 15 to 50 cm and a synthetic ion-exchange resin layer from top to bottom. The construction method comprises the following steps: site selection,seepage reservoir digging, treatment of the slope and a base, medium filling, sediment removal, and underground recharging. The invention has the following advantages: construction is simple; technical difficulty is low; the treatment range of groundwater is broad; the treated groundwater is pumped back to underground, so sustainable circulating utilization of groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid areas can be maintained; and characteristics of high efficiency and economy for treatment of shallow groundwater pollution are achieved.

The invention provides an automatic monitoring and recognition method for salinized land, and belongs to the field of environmental monitoring and environmental ecological protection. The method comprises the following steps: collecting soil salt contents of a plurality of sampling points in a research area to form a sample data set; extracting a plurality of wave band values of grids corresponding to the longitude and latitude in the remote sensing image closest to the sampling month according to the longitude and latitude of each sampling point, and obtaining a wave band combination set by constructing different wave band combination forms; then constructing a machine learning soil salt content inversion model, training the model by using the sample data set, and selecting a wave band combination form suitable for inverting the soil salt content of the research area from the wave band combination set to form a sensitive factor set and an optimal inversion model; and obtaining a soil salt content inversion result in a selected month in the research area by using the optimal inversion model. The method can be practically applied to monitoring the salinization degree of the surface soil layer of the arid and semi-arid region and recognizing the salinized soil of different degrees, and provides effective reference basis for local irrigation planning, agricultural management and the like.

An all-weather vacuum energy pump thermoelectric power generation heating and cooling water taking system device from air comprises a solar collector, a double-pump radiator, a vacuum energy thermoelectric power generation pump, a breeze generator, a semiconductor refrigeration pump, a cold source toothed wet air condenser, a funnel-type water trap, a charging and discharging controller, a VV storage battery and the like. A new idea is provided to solve the worldwide problem that fresh water is deficient and on the verge of depletion. As energy of the device includes all-weather solar energy and wind energy, the solar energy is used when the sun is available, the wind energy is used when the sun is unavailable, raw materials of the device are moisture air, the device is widely applied, can meet requirements of daily life and is particularly suitable for places with poor water quality, water shortage or water transport inconvenience such as mountain sentry posts of disaster areas or troops, border defense, islands, wetlands, other arid and semi-arid areas and the like, particularly, Gobi deserts can be changed into oases, water supply can be realized in severe environments, people can drink safe and clean drinking water anytime and anyplace, and water used in agricultural and pastoral areas can be supplied.