The invention particularly discloses a public security system for rail traffic passenger transport to enhance management of relevant departments and security of people riding various rail traffic passenger transport tools with passenger carrying properties including trains, bullet trains, high-speed trains, subways and light rails. The specific application range includes rail traffic passenger station entrances for various trains, bullet trains, high-speed trains, light rails and the like, single traffic control passages and doors of various carriages, particularly, system devices with all internal detectors are arranged at the doors of the carriages, and videos of invasion of others and created agitation in a monitoring area can be recorded into a citizen public security information system and serve as traffic control and arresting evidence. A face recognition device, a fingerprint (palm print) recognition device, a monitoring device, an identity tracing and positioning system, an explosive detector, a liquid detector, a full body scanner, a passage-type X-ray security check device, a human and object check system, an automatic information comparison system and a broadcasting intercom system jointly form the public security system for rail traffic passenger transport, and hereinafter referred to as a rail public security system.