The invention relates to a micro multi-chamber negative pressure suction cup driven by an embedded type shape memory alloy wire driver in the special robot technical field, comprising an embedded type shape memory alloy wire driver, an elastic basic body material, an elastic body round ring, a rigid body supporting layer and a multi-chamber elastomer base which are sequentially bonded together to form a multi-layer structure. When the embedded type shape memory alloy wire driver is electrified and heated, the elastic basic body material is driven to deform, leading the volume of the air in the chamber formed by the elastic basic body material, the rigid body supporting layer and the elastomer round ring to become large and form negative pressure; because a diffusion port on the rigid body supporting layer is communicated with the small chamber on the multi-chamber elastomer base, the small chamber of the multi-chambe elastomer base also generates negative pressure. The invention avoids the shortages of the existing negative pressure suction cup of not being easy to be microminiaturized, large noise and low power ratio and provides the adsorption device with minitype, high-efficiency, reliability and excellent wall surface adaptability for micro wall-climbing robots.