The invention relates to a pneumatic prostate particle implantation mechanism, which is applied to the field of medical treatment and mainly comprises an outer needle cylinder, an inner needle cylinder, a brake cylinder, a displacement sensor, an inner needle, an outer needle, a cylindrical slideway, a brake mechanism, a radioactive particle supply mechanism and a base. The air cylinder is fixed to the air cylinder support, an air cylinder support is connected to the base, the outer needle is connected with the particle supply block, the outer needle air cylinder moves in the axial direction to drive the radioactive particle supply mechanism, the radioactive particle supply mechanism is connected with the outer needle, and therefore axial feeding movement of the outer needle is achieved, the inner needle cylinder is connected with a moving sliding block, and the inner needle cylinder pushes the sliding block, the sliding block drives the inner needle to move axially, the inner needle penetrates through the radioactive particle supply module to enter the outer needle, implantation of radioactive particles is achieved, the brake air cylinder is connected with a brake pad, and the brake air cylinder acts to achieve locking and unlocking of a brake. The pneumatic prostate particle implantation mechanism is simple in structure, high in precision, high in needle inserting speed and small in pollution to an operating room, and transmission media are easy to obtain.