The invention relates to the field of medicine, in particular to a spine pedicle screw implanting and locating device. The spine pedicle screw implanting and locating device comprises hardware of a C-shaped arm, an image correction calibration plate, an image collection module, a locating robot, a path locating frame, a position tracking platform, a computer and the like, a spine pedicle screw implanting path planning module and a locating navigation module based on an X ray picture during an operation, wherein the spine pedicle screw implanting path planning module and the locating navigation module are stored in the computer. Through the spine pedicle screw implanting and locating device, according to the anatomical structure characteristics of a spine vertebral body, a coordinate system is established, an operation path planned in a 3D environment before the operation, an operation path planned in a 2D environment during the operation and an operation apparatus path during the operation are expressed, and by the use of the relationship of the three paths, a doctor is guided or a robot is controlled to complete precise operation path locating operation. The spine pedicle screw implanting and locating device can track the position relationships among all objects on a 2D image in real time, reflect the relationship between a tool and pedicle of vertebral arch actually, precisely and timely, eliminate errors of the traditional computer navigation system in an operation process, reduce the operation difficulty, and improve the operation efficacy.