The invention provides a drainage pipeline detecting and cleaning robot, and belongs to the technical field of pipeline cleaning. The drainage pipeline detecting and cleaning robot comprises a climbing assembly and a balancing assembly. The climbing assembly comprises a platform frame, a load bearing frame, a first hydraulic cylinder, a first motor, a thrust wheel and a load bearing crawler belt. The drainage pipeline detecting and cleaning robot has the beneficial effects that by the adoption of the crawler climbing adjusting design, the overall gravity center of the robot is adjusted through angles, the contact area between the robot and a pipeline is increased, the traffic capacity is improved, meanwhile, the working stability of the pipeline cleaning robot is improved, the multi-propeller boosting design is adopted, a power source is added, the pipeline cleaning robot is convenient to break away from obstacles, meanwhile, the pipeline cleaning robot is suitable for stable balance under water flow impact of various pipelines, the damping supporting guide design is adopted, multi-point supporting is carried out on the inner wall of a pipeline wall, the stability of the gravity center of the pipeline cleaning robot is kept, the pipeline cleaning robot is suitable for pipeline cleaning under various complex working conditions, the pipeline cleaning work stability of the pipeline cleaning robot is high, and the pipeline cleaning effect of the pipeline cleaning robot is better.