109results about How to "Increase the turndown ratio" patented technology

A process variable transmitter, implemented in a dual PLL structure, includes a first PLL having a first bandwidth producing a first output signal, and a second PLL having a second bandwidth narrower than the first bandwidth of the first PLL. The first and second PLLs are operable to lock into a frequency of an input signal and produce first and second output signals, respectively. The second PLL is operable to lock into the frequency of the input signal with greater accuracy and greater immunity to noise than the first PLL. A switch is operable to switch an output signal of the process variable transmitter between the first output signal and the second output signal.

An engine is disclosed. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the engine comprises a compressor, and combustor, and an expander. The compressor compresses ambient air. The combustor burns the compressed air, and produces exhaust gasses. The expander receives the exhaust gases from the combustor, and expands the exhaust gasses. The compressor may be a gerotor compressor or a piston compressor having variable-dead-volume control. The expander may be a gerotor expander or a piston expander having variable-dead-volume control. In another embodiment, an engine comprises a piston compressor, a combustor, a piston expander, and a pressure tank. The piston compressor compresses ambient air. The combustor burns the compressed air, and produces exhaust gasses. The piston expander receives the exhaust gasses from the combustor, and expands the exhaust gasses. The pressure tank receives and stores the compressed air from the compressor. In another embodiment, a gerotor compressor or a gerotor expander comprises an inner gerotor, and an outer gerotor. The inner gerotor and the outer gerotor are driven so that they do not touch. The gerotors may be cantilevered or non-cantilevered.

A method of reducing emissions from a diesel engine including the steps of providing an injector to an exhaust outlet of the diesel engine, the injector having an orifice with a diameter of about 0.006 inch or less, providing a reagent to the injector at an inlet pressure between about 120 psi and about 60 psi, actuating the injector on and off at a frequency between about 10 Hz and about 1 Hz with an on-time of about 1% or more, injecting the reagent via the orifice into the exhaust outlet at an injection rate, and wherein varying of at least two of the inlet pressure, the frequency, and the on-time achieves a turn-down ratio of a maximum injection rate to a minimum injection rate of at least about 31:1.

Compact low NO_x gas burner apparatus and methods for discharging fuel gas and air mixtures into furnace spaces wherein the mixture is burned in folded flame patterns and flue gases having low NO_x content are formed are provided. A burner apparatus of the invention is basically comprised of a housing having a burner tile attached thereto and means for introducing air therein. The burner tile has an opening therein with a wall surrounding the opening which extends into a furnace space. The exterior sides of the wall are divided into sections by radially positioned baffles with alternate sections having the same or different heights and slanting towards the opening at the same or different angles. Primary fuel gas mixed with flue gases and air is discharged through the burner tile. Secondary fuel gas is discharged adjacent to the external slanted wall sections whereby the secondary fuel gas mixes with flue gases in the furnace space. The resulting fuel gas-flue gases streams mix with the fuel gas-flue gases-air mixture discharged through the burner tile and the resulting mixture is burned in the furnace space.

A water heating apparatus uses a low range blower assembly and a high range blower assembly, each providing a variable flow of premixed fuel and air to a burner assembly. Appropriate choice of the operating ranges of the blower assemblies can provide a high turndown ratio approximately equal to the product of the turndown ratios of each of the individual blower assemblies. Turndown ratios as high as 25:1 are achievable.

Bioconversion processes are disclosed that enable high conversion efficiencies of gas substrate containing both carbon monoxide and hydrogen to oxygenated organic compounds via the carbon monoxide and hydrogen pathways using anaerobic, deep, bubble column fermentation in a cost effective manner. The high conversion efficiency processes of this invention comprise the combination of using at least two deep, bubble column reactors in flow series and using certain feed gas compositions and microbubbles while avoiding carbon monoxide inhibition.

A combustion apparatus 1 includes an intermediate member 6 constituted by a premixer 2 and a burner port assembly 3 and an air passage member 5, the intermediate member 6 being interposed between two air passage members 5. Fuel gas flows into an opening row part 10. The opening row part 10 has a number of openings 8 arranged linearly, so that the fuel gas introduced into the row part 10 is uniformly discharged through each of the openings 8. The fuel gas discharged through the openings 8 of the row part 10 bumps into air at mixing spaces 39. Fuel gas discharged through slots is homogenous and uniform in flow rate. Fuel gas produces a primary flame in a first combustion part 46 to perform a primary combustion. Unburned combustible components are discharged outside through openings of the first combustion part 46 and produce a secondary flame with air supplied through the distal end portion of the air passage member 5.

A dual chamber burner assembly is provided for use with a heater apparatus having dual combustion air premix blowers. The burner assembly includes first and second interior zones communicated with first and second foraminous outer wall portions. First and second fuel and air inlet passages are communicated with the first and second interior zones, respectively.

Processes are provided for starting up of anaerobic, deep tank fermentation systems used in the anaerobic bioconversion of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a gaseous substrate stream to oxygenated organic compounds such as ethanol. In the processes injectors using a motive liquid are used to introduce gas substrate into the deep tank fermentation reactor where at least one of:

• • (i) adjusting the gas to liquid flow ratio through an injector,
  • (ii) changing the rate of liquid flow through an injector, and
  • (iii) adjusting the carbon monoxide mole fraction in the gas feed by admixture with at least one other gas,

wherein the mass transfer of carbon monoxide to an aqueous menstruum in the reactor is controlled to obtain the robust growth of the microorganism while maintaining the carbon monoxide concentration below that amount which is unduly adverse to the microorganism. In preferred aspects of the invention, recycled gas from the head space of the reactor is used to modulate the supply of carbon monoxide to the aqueous menstruum.

A method of storing heat includes moving a portion of a heated fluid from at least one reactor core to at least one tank having solid media, storing heat from the portion of the heated fluid in the solid media, and transferring the stored heat from the solid media to a fluid that can be used by a power plant to generate electrical energy. A system for storing heat in a nuclear power plant includes at least one tank comprising solid media structured and arranged to store heat and an arrangement structured and arranged to pass a first fluid through the at least one tank, transfer heat from the first fluid to the solid media, store the heat in the solid media, and transfer the heat from the solid media to a second fluid. This Abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

A simple, passive and rugged device for measuring the flow rate of liquid. A variable area obstruction valve, a differential pressure sensor and a densitometer are combined in a single housing to provide for a highly accurate and precise measure of mass flow.

A burner and combustion method for a radiant wall heating system wherein each burner fuel ejector is positioned such that at least a substantial portion of the burner combustion air is discharged from an area beyond the ejector located the greatest distance from the radiant wall.

The invention discloses a digital integrated mass vortex-shedding meter, which comprises a meter body, a sensor, amplifiers, output circuits and a display device. The digital integrated mass vortex-shedding meter is characterized in that: 1, amplitude-frequency characteristic identification technology is adopted to identify Fourier spectrum according to an amplitude-frequency characteristic model to further improve the lower limit of measurement capacity; 2, linear correction technology is adopted to calculate flow in sections and inversely calculate frequency output with the flow to improve accuracy; 3, a compound sensor is adopted to integrally measure temperature and pressure to provide data for steam state identification and mass flow calculation; 4, steam state identification technology is adopted to judge a steam state and calculate density with the temperature and the pressure; and 5, on the basis of improving volume flow measurement and the steam state identification, integrated mass flow measurement is realized by flow compensation technology. In an actual measurement process, the digital integrated mass vortex-shedding meter completely eliminates the shortcomings of the poor resistance to shock, low disturbance resisting capacity, large measurement dead zone, poor linearity and the like of the conventional vortex-shedding meter and can greatly reduce measurement starting flow velocity and simultaneously improve the radio of measuring range and accuracy.

A dual chamber burner assembly provides a header, a first burner chamber adjacent the header, and a second burner chamber on an opposite side of the first burner chamber from the header. The second burner chamber is provided with a flame sensor portion extending back through the first burner chamber toward the header so that first and second flame sensors may be utilized to detect flame in the first and second chambers, respectively.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a combustion device for improving a turndown ratio, which is capable of stably implementing a combusted state in a low-output load region by improving a turndown ratio of a burner. To this end, the present invention provides the combustion device having a premixing chamber (300) which is connected to an air supply tube (100) and a gas supply tube (200), and which has a space for premixing air and gas provided therein, wherein the space for premixing the air and gas supplied from the air supply tube (100) and the gas supply tube (200) is divided into multiple stages of a venturi structure in the premixing chamber (300), and the discharging direction of the gas discharged inside the premixing chamber (300) through the gas supply tube (200) is formed in parallel to the flow direction of the gas supplied inside the premixing chamber (300) through the air supply tube (100).