The invention relates to a method for block-by-block casting of a concrete continuous beam bridge by using a military truss shift mould. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: firstly, dividing a full-span concrete continuous beam with span of L into two segmented box girders, casting the segmented box girder A located on a bridge pier and tensioning the prestress on the upper edge of the segmented box girder A; secondly, transferring withdrawn templates to the segmented box girder B located at the middle span and pouring after the segmented box girder A is cast completely, tensioning the linkage prestress of the segmented box girder A and the segmented box girder B and the prestress on the lower edge of the segmented box girder B after the strength is achieved, finally, transferring the withdrawn templates to the segmented box girder A of the next span to cast. The cross section of the concrete continuous beam can be of a single-box single-chamber type, a single-box two-chamber type, a single-box three-chamber type, a single-box four-chamber type, a single-box fifth-chamber type or a single-box six-chamber type; the bridge pier adopts a non-cover beam column structure comprising a single-column bridge pier, a dual-column bridge pier or a three-column bridge pier. Due to the adoption of the method for block-by-block casting of the concrete continuous beam bridge by using the military truss shift mould, only one set of military truss beam construction equipment with light weight, convenience in mounting/dismounting and good universality is used in construction, high construction speed and a short construction period are realized, and the majority of the members can be used repeatedly, so that good quality, cost reduction and investment saving are realized.