The invention provides a recognition method, based on deep belief network, of three-dimensional SAR images. The method comprises the following steps: firstly establishing a simulation sample bank of the three-dimensional SAR images, performing projection to different azimuthal angles and pitch angles through one or a small quantity of objective three-dimensional SAR images, so as to obtain a plurality of two-dimensional SAR images, ensuring that the small quantity of obtained three-dimensional SAR images are converted into two-dimensional images, and performing recognition through a two-dimensional image recognition method, and the method can greatly reduce the cost, and reduce the time for acquiring SAR imaging. According to the method, a splicing crossover verification method is proposed, and the deep belief network is improved, so that the deep belief network can automatically adjust parameters, self optimization of parameters is realized, the occurrence of over-fitting learning state and under-fitting learning state is effectively avoided, advance features of sample data can be accurately learnt, a better recognition result is obtained for the deep belief network, the complexity of manual setting of parameters is eliminated, and the recognition efficiency is improved.