63results about How to "Maintain social stability" patented technology

The invention discloses an intelligent multifunctional belt surface patch edge detection method which is characterized by including steps: (1) two direction templates are adopted to have neighborhood convolution with images in an image space to complete image gradient magnitude calculation; (2) the gradient value and the gradient direction of edge pixel points are calculated, and edge searching is performed according to the gradient direction information to obtain accurate conveying belt spot image edge point information; and (3) target edge sub pixel positioning is achieved through quadratic polynomial interpolation in the edge point gradient direction. The intelligent multifunctional belt surface patch edge detection method completely eradicates potential safety hazards of conveying belts, reduces irregular maintenance and shutdown overhaul time of the conveying belts, improves production efficiency, has a protection effect for safety production, has important practical significances for promoting the economic development, has a wide application prospect, and can be used for belt surface abrasion detection and surface greasy dirt detection.

The invention relates to a taxi safety monitoring system capable of carrying out common safety monitoring through monitoring equipment and network, and a taxi safety monitoring method. The system comprises a taxi and a radio platform, wherein the radio platform comprises a radio unit and a monitoring unit, the monitoring unit realizes wireless connection with and communication with a national security department monitoring system, the taxi is internally provided with the monitoring equipment and a vehicle terminal, and the monitoring equipment and the vehicle terminal are in wireless connection with the monitoring unit of the radio platform. The method comprises steps that: the monitoring unit of the radio platform determines territoriality of a user according to a handset number of the user, if the territoriality is a sensitive area, the monitoring unit of the radio platform starts a video shooting device to shoot a passenger image after the passenger gets on a vehicle, or an audio acquisition device is further started for monitoring and audio recording, the passenger image and the audio acquisition information are sent to the monitoring unit of the radio platform, the monitoring unit sends the passenger image to the national security department monitoring system, a national security department confirms the information and gives notices to the monitoring unit for monitoring the vehicle.

The invention discloses a road lamp management and taxi call automatic dispatching system based on the Internet of things. The system uses the road lamps spreading over roads in the city as the positioning and network basis and adopts the ZigBee wireless network and GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) / GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) / 3G mobile communication network to realize two-way communication between the road lamps and a road lamp control station, between the passengers and a taxi management centre, between citizens and an alarm centre as well as between the taxi management centre and a vehicle-mounted taxi GPS terminal.

The invention discloses a screening method for 122 nonprescription drugs in veterinary medicine preparations. The screening method comprises the following steps specifically: preparation of a standard working solution, analysis pretreatment of a sample to be measured, establishment and qualitative analysis of a database and the like. Through a constructed high-throughput screening and qualitative detection platform, the detection of a single compound is developed into simultaneous detection of various compounds in the field, and compared with the prior art, the technical means for detecting various compounds in one substance is more perfect, so that the cost is greatly reduced, and the work efficiency is greatly improved. The method plays an important role in veterinary medicine illegal addition and bacterial drug resistance plan implemented in the department of agriculture. Sample detection is carried out in provincial animal product quality detection center of our country, and through incomplete statistics, ten thousands of samples are popularized and applied.

The invention discloses an air port security inspection information system, which comprises the following modules: a local departure module, a security inspection boarding gate verification module, a security inspection unpacking working module, an integral inquiry module, a pursuit information module, a security inspection passage verification desk module and a background management module. The system with simple and reasonable structure can be adapted to the requirements of modernization development, improve the service and management level of the security inspection, provide effective security inspection means for air port, crack down on crimes forcefully, maintain social stability, etc. The invention also provides close and effective security inspection management means to guarantee air defense security, provides a simple, convenient, standardized security inspection process, and improves efficiency as well as service quality. Furthermore, the invention which provides complete reference for security inspection management is closely integrated with other systems (such as the passenger information in the departure system data, etc.), thereby realizing data sharing, saving investment, effectively monitoring security inspection personnel and attendance states and strengthening personnel management.

The invention discloses a fuzzy neural network model based on a multivariable phase-space reconstruction theory and an intelligent prediction method for deep excavation deformation by using the fuzzy neural network model. The fuzzy neural network model consists of four functional modules including a fuzzification interface, a fuzzy rule knowledge base, a fuzzy inference machine and a defuzzification device. The prediction model and the prediction method have high accuracy, and can effectively avoid major losses of countries and people's lives and properties.

The invention discloses a multi-functional identity identifying device and a system. The multi-functional identity device comprises a positioning model which is a GPS positioning model or a Beidou positioning model and used for obtaining the present position information; a storage which is used for storing the data comprising the identity information; a radio communication model which is used for transmitting and receiving the data and realizing the data interaction with a remote monitoring center; a cell which is used for supplying power to a microprocessor; and the microprocessor which is adopted as a main control unit and used for coordinating the operation of each model. The multi-functional identity identifying device and the system have radio communication function and positioning function.

The invention discloses a load management center big data platform for a power system and a load management method. The system comprises a display screen and a display screen control terminal, the display screen control terminal controls output display content to be put on the display screen to be displayed, the display screen control terminal is connected with a display system middleware server through an information intranet, and the display system middleware server is connected with a display system frozen data server; the display system freezing data server is connected with the marketinglarge user bill issuing data server and the electrical load management system intranet database server. The electrical load management system intranet database server is connected with the distributedfile storage database group; according to the platform and the method, large user load characteristics and power utilization behaviors are analyzed, theoretical support is provided for load prediction and peak load shifting work of a power enterprise, and power users are enabled to deeply understand a load prediction method and load characteristics of various typical industries.

Provided are a taxi security monitoring system with a public security monitoring intelligent top lamp and a monitoring method thereof. The system comprises a monitoring platform. The monitoring platform is in wireless connection and communication with a vehicle-mounted terminal and a national security department monitoring system. The top lamp is an intelligent top lamp, and a video collection device and an audio collection device which are connected with the vehicle-mounted terminal are arranged in the top lamp. The method includes that the video collection device and the audio collection device are utilized to collect the public security information of surrounding environment in the taxi running process and transmit the information to the vehicle-mounted terminal, the vehicle-mounted terminal transmits the information to the monitoring platform, the monitoring platform transmits the information to the national security department monitoring system, the national security department monitoring system conducts identification and confirmation to transmit a monitoring command to the monitoring platform, the monitoring platform remotely controls the top lamp to conduct key monitoring on the area of a case. The taxi security monitoring system with a public security monitoring intelligent top lamp and a monitoring method thereof can collect the public security information of surrounding environment in the taxi running process and can perform effective monitoring when public security cases or incidents of violence happens.

The invention provides a personnel management and control method and system based on machine learning. The method comprises the following steps of S1, building a personnel archive which comprises necessary personnel identities and data collection identities, S2, acquiring real-time data acquired by a base station provided by a police internal operator and real-time data acquired by front-end equipment, and cleaning and filtering the data to obtain non-repetitive and non-abnormal personnel training data, S3, based on the personnel archive data obtained in the step S1 and the training data obtained in the step S2, performing model training based on an unsupervised isolated forest method to obtain an anomaly detection model, S4, based on the training model in the step S3, carrying out real-time prediction alarm through a flow calculation engine, displaying early warning information through GIS visualization in a layered manner, and sending the early warning information to police officersfor disposal feedback, and S5, automatically updating and correcting the model based on the police officer disposal feedback information in the step S4. The judgment result is accurate, the function of multi-dimensional mass data of the police system is fully played, and the working efficiency is high.

The invention discloses an energy-absorbing and impact-resistant roadway supporting method, and belongs to the technical field of mine safety. Starting from the energy absorbing property of porous medium materials, a certain proportion of 5D steel fibers with hooks at the end parts are added into foamed concrete to further improve concrete strength, and the foamed concrete with the 5D steel fibersis applied to a rock burst supporting structure to construct an energy-absorbing and impact-resistant supporting system consisting of a metal template, the foamed concrete and an anchor cable, a large amount of impact energy can be effectively absorbed, the dynamic load effect is buffered, the safety degree of a roadway is improved, and the rock burst disaster is reduced and avoided. The supporting system has an obvious attenuation and absorption effect on impact stress waves, eliminates or weakens the degree of impact disasters, and effectively prevents rock burst. Compared with the prior art, the impact load can be reduced by 60% or more, the stability of the roadway is improved, the process is simple, and the operability is strong.

The invention provides a medicine composition containing an m-diamide compound and application of the medicine composition. The medicine composition comprises an effective component A and an effectivecomponent B, wherein the effective component A is an m-diamide compound of a structure of a formula I shown in the description; and the effective component B comprises any one or a combination of twoof other insecticides. The composition with the effective component A and the effective component B, which is provided by the invention, has unique functions of synergism, resistant insect control, activity spectrum expansion, virus transmission insect control, and the like, and is capable of effectively preventing and treating a diversity of diseases and insects of crops such as rice, corn, wheat, vegetables, fruit trees, flowers, oil plants and sugar plants, and gardening and forestry as well.

The invention discloses a paper money tracking system and method based on machine vision. The paper money tracking system comprises a camera and a money detector. The camera further comprises an information extraction and analysis system, an engine server, an information management and searching system and a money detector system. When paper money appears in the camera, a wavelet analysis technology is utilized to position a paper money code area where a video frame appears, anti-noise processing is performed on the positioned image area through an AdaBoosting algorithm, the human face is distinguished, a classification algorithm of a soft margin support vector machine is utilized to distinguish codes, and code information serves as a key of paper money flow direction data to be stored in a database. If the fact that someone uses counterfeit money is found, the paper money flow direction data in the database can be called, a user who user the counterfeit money before is tracked, information of the counterfeit money user can also be recorded through the money detector system, and counterfeit money spreading activities can be effectively struck.

The invention relates to the field of logistics picking and dispatching, and discloses a freight collect payment object express delivery processing terminal as well as a processing method thereof. The freight collect payment object express delivery processing terminal comprises a terminal object dispatching cabinet (1), a terminal host machine (2) and a terminal processor (3); the terminal object dispatching cabinet (1) comprises an express delivery storage grid (11) and a door lock control unit (12); the terminal host machine (2) comprises an input unit (22), an information reading unit (23), an information collecting unit (24) and a payment unit (26); the terminal processor (3) comprises a communication unit (31) and a control processing unit (32); the door lock control unit (12), a display unit (21), the input unit (22), the information reading unit (23), the information collecting unit (24) and the communication unit (31) are respectively connected with the control processing unit (32). The freight collect payment object express delivery processing terminal as well as the processing method thereof, which are provided by the invention, are high in object delivery efficiency, break through the limit that traditional package dispatching requires dispatchers to dispatch face to face, and the dispatching efficiency is high.

The invention discloses a medical rescue operation local negative pressure safety isolation shield device and a using method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of medical instruments. According to the device, the hidden danger of infection caused by close contact with a patient when medical staff treat an epidemic patient is solved, and the safety of the medical staff for treating the patient can be protected. The medical rescue operation local negative pressure safety isolation shield device comprises a negative pressure isolation shield, an air exhaust duct, an air extractor and a sterilization device, wherein the air exhaust duct is connected with an air outlet of the negative pressure isolation shield, the other end of the air exhaust duct is connected with the air extractor,and the air extractor is connected with the sterilization device. The medical rescue operation local negative pressure safety isolation shield device is simple in structure and convenient to use, canprovide powerful protection for medical workers in the treatment work of respiratory epidemic situations, guarantees the safety of the medical workers, and improves the attendance rate of the medicalworkers.

The invention discloses a strong rock burst roadway supporting method. According to the bolt-mesh-anchor type support coupling supporting structure, a three-level combination supporting manner including anchor net, a U-shaped shed and energy absorption and impact prevention supports is adopted. The method comprises the following steps of first, after rock burst mine roadway tunneling is carried out for 100 centimeters, metal net is laid on the roof and the sides of a roadway, and energy absorption and impact prevention anchor rods are installed and fixed; second, anchor rod installation holesare perforated in the roof of the roadway, and the anchor rods are installed in the anchor rod installation holes; third, the U-shaped shed is placed, and the lap joint position of the U-shaped shed is locked; fourth, along with mine roadway tunneling, the first step, the second step and the third step are completed in a cycle manner; and when roadway tunneling is carried out for 600 centimeters to 800 centimeters, the energy absorption and impact prevention supports start to be installed, and along with mine roadway tunneling, the first step, the second step, the third step and the fourth step are completed in a cycle manner. The impact prevention supports are adopted for reinforcement and supporting according to the geological conditions of a roadway while tunneling is carried out, and stability and safety of the roadway are guaranteed. The strong rock burst roadway supporting method has the important practical significance and the significant social benefit in the aspects of high-efficiency mining with coal mine security guaranteed, production cost reduction, economical benefit improvement, social stability maintenance and the like, and has the broad application prospect.

The invention discloses a retaining wall real-time bearing capacity limit monitoring method. The retaining wall real-time bearing capacity limit monitoring method comprises the steps that (1), the site environment, the topography and landforms, the site structure and historical conditions are detected and investigated; (2), a monitoring scheme comprising the mechanical performance index, the monitoring point number, the arranging position and the frequency is determined according to a detection result; (3), a monitoring mathematical model is established; (4), sensors are arranged at the monitoring points, and monitored data are collected and uploaded to a cloud server; (5), the cloud server receives and stores the monitored data and analyzes the monitored data in real time by combining themonitoring mathematical model, and a real-time safety coefficient FOSins and a risk index Ri are obtained; and (6), different grades of early warning signals are sent to a monitoring terminal according to the magnitude of the risk index Ri value. The invention further discloses a retaining wall real-time bearing capacity limit monitoring system. According to the retaining wall real-time bearing capacity limit monitoring method, the site material characteristics and the actual force stability performance are taken into account, real-time safety level assessment is conducted on the site at anytime by combining a cloud server technology, the personnel safety escape time is reserved, and personnel property losses are avoided.

The invention provides a speed limiting and reducing device and a speed limiting and reducing system, and relates to the field of traffic management devices. The device comprises an inclined plate, afixed plate, and telescopic devices, wherein the inclined plate is inclined relative to the ground, and provided with a first end and a second end; the first end is close to the ground; the second endis away from the ground; the fixed plate is fixedly arranged on the ground, and is connected with the first end through a hinge; the telescopic devices are arranged at the second end and enable the second end to away from or approach to the ground; when the second end moves downwards under the pressure of external force, the telescopic devices are compressed by external force; when a vehicle runson the inclined plate at excessive speed, the telescopic devices are compressed according to a first preset mode to enable the vehicle to jolt; and when the vehicle runs on the inclined plate with limited speed or below, the telescopic devices are compressed according to a second preset mode to enable the vehicle to stably pass. Through the adoption of the speed limiting and reducing device, therunning speed of the vehicle can be effectively limited, and the phenomenon that the vehicle runs within limited speed can be guaranteed, so that the occurrence rate of traffic accidents is effectively reduced.

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of a vehicle-mounted system, and discloses a target character detection method and system. The method comprises the following steps thata vehicle-mounted terminal obtains biometric information of a detected person collected in a vehicle monitoring range by a vehicle-mounted sensing device arranged in a vehicle body; the on-board terminal recognizes and matches the biometric information to obtain the matching result; according to that matching result, a vehicle-mounted terminal determines that the detected person matches any targetperson, a reminder function is triggered, and the matching result and the position information of the detected person are uploaded to a cloud server, so that the cloud server analyzes the identity type of the detected person according to the matching result, and transmits the matching result and the position information of the detected person to an external information publishing system corresponding to the identity type. By implementing the embodiment of the invention, the monitoring range can be enlarged, and the efficiency of searching and tracking the target person can be improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of vaccine traceability and monitoring, in particular to a traceability and monitoring system and method for vaccine production and manufacturing, packaging and processing, storage and transportation, use of a medical platform, whole-course tracking and recording of import and export information and displaying of the information to related personnel ofa medical platform. Information of each link of a tracing and monitoring system is uploaded to a cloud public platform, so that vaccine information transparency is realized. A cloud platform collectsinformation of the whole process from vaccine production and manufacturing to vaccine use of a consumer platform. Once adverse conditions such as diseases occur due to the use of the vaccine in vaccination, all public information of the vaccine production process can be checked through a website or a mobile phone app, so that a vaccinator can accurately find out problem links, accurately correctresponsibility and reduce disputes of all parties. When a certain vaccine is used sharply due to outbreak of epidemic situations in a certain area, the cloud platform can send out a deploying alarm signal to surrounding hospitals or areas and manufacturers without epidemic situations in time according to data, so that the vaccine is supplemented in time, and the social stability is maintained.

The invention discloses a method and device for monitoring a printed file, and the method comprises the steps: enabling a client to obtain a to-be-printed target file, and analyzing the file content of the target file when the target file is detected to be an unprinted file; judging whether preset keyword information exists in the analyzed file content or not; if preset keyword information existsin the analyzed file content, storing the file information of the target file to the local of the client; and when it is detected that the client is connected with the server, uploading the target file locally stored by the client and the file information to the server to complete monitoring of the target file. According to the embodiment of the invention, character recognition is carried out through the printing content of the printing service, illegal organizations are prevented from propagandizing illegal content by using printing files, relevant national units are helped to fight against illegal crimes conveniently, and social stability and national long-term security are maintained.

The invention relates to the technical field of electrics and electronics, and especially relates to a special intelligent safe electronic schoolbag for students. In addition to the functions of an ordinary schoolbag, the electronic schoolbag also has multiple intelligent functions such as a function of displaying electronic information of a carrier, a GPS satellite positioning function, an ordinary communication function, an emergency call function, a noctilucence warning function, a clock function and an alarm clock function. When lost or needing to contact the family, a carrier can dial a preset phone number by pressing a communication key to realize communication. When in danger, the carrier can press a help key, so that an alarm phone number can be automatically dialed, and a GPS positioning short message can be automatically sent. A guardian can send a short message at any time to inquire the concrete position of the carrier. The electronic schoolbag also has an automatic photometric function, and night lamp warning can be automatically started in an environment with lower light and low visibility. The special intelligent safe electronic schoolbag for students is novel in design, has advanced functions, is integrated with a variety of high-tech technologies, offers a variety of practical function to carriers, and has excellent marketing and application prospects.

The invention provides a species identification kit for an old animal sample and a preparation method of the species identification kit. The species identification kit comprises the following reagents: a Mastermix reaction solution, a P-mix-1 reaction solution, a P-mix-2 reaction solution and a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecular weight standard substance. The species identification kit provided by the invention solves the species identification problem of the old biological sample, can be directly applied to the detective work of criminal cases, and can maintain social stability and reveal the choice of ancient people for foods, hunting, livestock breeding and other important economic and cultural backgrounds by excavating animal archaeological information in archaeological remains. The species identification kit can also help customs combat wildlife smuggling activities and protect wildlife resources; in addition, the species identification kit can also be used for identifying the quality of traditional Chinese medicines in animals, thereby fighting against counterfeit and shoddy medicines.

The invention discloses a method for monitoring the real-time bearing capacity limit of a foundation pit. The method comprises the steps of (1) detecting and surveying the site environment, landform,site structure and historical condition; (2) determining a monitoring scheme according to the detection result, wherein the monitoring scheme involves mechanical performance indexes, the number of monitoring points, the arrangement position and frequency; (3) establishing a monitoring mathematical model; (4) arranging sensors at the monitoring points, collecting monitoring data, and uploading themonitoring data to a cloud server; (5) receiving and storing the monitoring data through the cloud server, and analyzing the monitoring data in real time in combination with the monitoring mathematical model to obtain the real-time safety coefficient FOSins; (6) and sending early-warning signals at different levels to a monitoring terminal according to the magnitude of the real-time safety coefficient FOSins. The invention furthermore discloses a system for monitoring the real-time bearing capacity limit of the foundation pit. According to the method and system for monitoring the real-time bearing capacity limit of the foundation pit, the material characteristics and the actual mechanical stability of the site are taken into account, a cloud server technology is furthermore utilized to evaluate the real-time safety level of the site at any time, the time is gained for people to safely leave the site, and the property loss of people is avoided.

The invention relates to a non-contact relapse monitoring method and system for drug addicts. The monitoring method comprises the following steps: physiological characteristic acquisition: directly collecting or indirectly calculating physiological characteristics of a testee through a non-contact sensor assembly; drug relapse probability evaluation model establishment: acquiring relapse symptomsand clinical sign data of a drug addict as training samples, and performing training through a statistical learning method, a machine learning method or a deep learning method to generate the drug relapse probability evaluation model; and suspect judgment: inputting the physiological characteristics of the testee to the drug relapse probability evaluation model, and outputting the probability of drug relapse of the testee.

The invention discloses a novel automation safety check channel. The novel automation safety check channel comprises an intelligent analysis system (1), a safety check X ray machine (2), an X ray human body protection device (3), a metal detection plate (4), an intelligent display screen (5), a high definition camera (6), a safety check door (7), an indicating lamp (8), and a metal detection sensor (9). In applications, firstly, the safety check X ray machine (2) provided with the X ray human body protection device (3) is used for scanning that whether there are any prohibited articles carriedby passengers; then the metal detection plate (4) and the metal detection sensor (9) are used for detecting that whether there is any metal products carried by passengers, and the high definition camera (6) is used for recording passenger appearance characteristic information; and at last, all detection information is sent to the intelligent analysis system (1), and the intelligent analysis system (1) is used for controlling the indicating lamp (8) to indicate that whether the passengers can go through the safety check. In the whole safety check process, it is not necessary for the passengersto put down luggage, so that automatic, rapid, and accurate safety check is realized.

The embodiment of the invention provides an electronic license plate based on eMTC, a platform and a system. The electronic license plate based on eMTC is applied to a vehicle and used for communicating with the electronic license plate monitoring platform. The electronic license plate comprises an identity module used for storing an electronic license plate number, an eMTC module used for conducting eMTC wireless communication, and a license plate control module used for calling the eMTC module so as to upload the electronic license plate number to the electronic license plate monitoring platform when receiving an identity verification command, wherein the electronic license plate number uniquely corresponds to a physical license plate number of the vehicle. By the adoption of the provided electronic license plate based on eMTC, the effectiveness and the intelligent degree of vehicle management are greatly improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent power grid monitoring and control, and particularly relates to an intelligent monitoring and control system for a prison perimeter high voltage power grid, which comprises a lower computer PLC data acquisition subsystem and an upper computer dynamic monitoring subsystem, wherein the lower computer PLC data acquisition subsystem is used for acquiring various state parameters of operation of the power grid and transmitting the well-processed power grid parameters to the upper computer dynamic monitoring subsystem; the upper computer dynamic monitoring subsystem is used for carrying out early warning processing on the power grid operation parameters, making corresponding feedback according to the early warning information, being linked with other perimeter systems and ensuring the safety of the prison perimeter; and the other perimeter systems comprise a video monitoring system, a door access system, an interphone system and an infrared system. Functions of high voltage power grid intelligent detection, intelligent striking, process recording, region linkage and the like are integrated, the perimeter high voltage power grid and other devices are not mutually independent but operate cooperatively, and prison perimeter safety management intelligence is thus realized.

The invention provides an intelligent earthquake emergency rescue aid decision making system which comprises an image collecting structure and a display screen. The image collecting structure comprises a rear shell, a bearing, a rotating shaft, a guide pipe, a front shell, motors, impellers, an inflation pipe, a sleeve, a circuit board, short screws and long screws. The rotating shaft is arranged on a stand column on the rear side of the rear shell. The guide pipe is installed in a guide pipe fixing cavity in the front side of the rear shell. The impellers are in pin joint to motor shafts of the motors. The motors are installed in motor installation holes in the front shell. The rolled-up part of the tail end of the inflation pipe is wound around the rotating shaft. The top end of the inflation pipe sequentially penetrates a gas pipe inlet in the center of the rear shell, the guide pipe and a gas pipe penetrating-out hole in the center of the front shell and is turned up outwards from the inner side of the connecting portion of a gas pipe. Finally, a left upper gas pipe, a right upper gas pipe, a left lower gas pipe and a right lower gas pipe are connected with the left upper motor installation hole, the right upper motor installation hole, the left lower motor installation hole and the right lower motor installation hole correspondingly. The rotating speeds of the different stepping motors are controlled to control the forward moving direction of the inflation pipe.

The invention discloses a 'one-standard and three-actual' (standard address, actual population, actual house and actual unit) data acquisition method, a terminal and a system. The terminal comprises a graphic reading unit 120 used for acquiring the head image, fingerprint and eye-print of a user, a radio frequency unit 150 used for acquiring the identity information of the user, a wireless communication unit 110 used for sending the acquired information needing verification and receiving the verification result, and a controller 180 used for alerting the user according to the verification result. Through the method, the terminal and the system, 'one-standard and three-actual' acquisition work is of higher real-time performance, data is more accurate, acquisition is more convenient, and social stability is better maintained.