30results about How to "Mitigate carbon formation" patented technology

A method of producing a synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon containing gaseous feed in which the hydrocarbon containing gaseous feed is reacted in an autothermal reactor having separated reaction stages in which partial oxidation and steam methane reforming reactions occur. Each of the reaction stages has alternating separation zones and catalytic reaction zones. Oxygen separated by oxygen ion transport in the separation zone supports the partial oxidation reactions occurring in the catalytic reaction zones. Reactants are separately metered to the reaction stages to control temperatures within the reaction stages so that use of expensive high temperature materials is confined to one or more final reaction stages. Reaction stages can incorporate perforated planar members with regions of oxygen ion transport membrane material in registry with such perforated regions form the separation zones and the catalytic reaction zones.

Processes for generating electricity using a solid oxide fuel cell are disclosed. The processes are controlled by adjusting the hourly spaced velocity of the hydrocarbon feed through the solid oxide fuel cell. Hydrocarbon fuel is transported at an hourly spaced velocity through a pre-reformer having a catalyst. The hydrocarbon fuel is contacted with the catalyst for a residence time and at a temperature such that a catalyzed hydrocarbon fuel is formed. The hourly spaced velocity determines the residence time of the hydrocarbon fuel in the pre-reformer. The resultant catalyzed hydrocarbon fuel contains at least one gas including one or more of hydrogen gas, methane gas, carbon monoxide gas, or combinations thereof The catalyzed hydrocarbon fuel is then contacted with an anode of a solid oxide fuel cell for a residence time to produce electricity.

A recirculation system for circulating distillate during gas fuel operation so as to reduce or eliminate distillate carbon formation. The recirculation system keeps the distillate's temperature below the carbon formation limit by circulating the distillate back to a storage tank to cool the distillate due to a volume of the storage tank compared to the volume of the recirculation system. The recirculating flow also exercises the flow dividers' gears without having to perform fuel transfers. Further, the system evacuates air from the liquid fuel lines to further decrease the likelihood of carbonaceous residue forming on any interior surfaces that are actually exposed to distillate.

A fuel processor for producing a hydrogen-containing product stream from a fuel stream and an oxidant stream is actively-cooled by a gaseous or liquid coolant which is directed to flow in contact with at least a portion of the outer shell of the fuel processor. Active cooling can improve the operating characteristics of the fuel processor as well as allowing for the use of compact fuel processor designs that would otherwise tend to have insufficient heat loss capability.

A method of applying a coating the inner surface of a metal reactor chamber whereby coking resulting from the production of hydrogen from reforming hydrocarbons is reduced.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a vinylidene fluoride monomer. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: preheating and mixing water and 1,1-difluoro-1-chloroethane and feeding the mixture into a cracking tube, quenching reacted cracking gas, removing HCl, drying and feeding the dried gas to a rectifying tower to obtain the high-purity vinylidene fluoride monomer. By the method, the problems of carbon deposition, clogging of a pipeline and the like can be decreased, the selectivity and reaction efficiency can be effectively improved, the reaction temperature is decreased and thus the energy consumption can be reduced, the energy consumption is substantially reduced and the pollution is decreased.

A process and reactor for the production of acetic acid comprising the steps of: passing a feed stream containing ethanol and water together with a predetermined feed rate of an oxygen containing atmosphere in presence of one or more catalysts being active in simultaneous non-oxidative and oxidative conversion of ethanol to a product stream with acetic acid; recovering from the product stream a stream of acetic acid; optionally recovering reactive derivatives of acetic acid and recycling these to step (a).

The invention discloses a preparation method of a ZnO-ZrO2@SAPO-34 core-shell catalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing ZnO-ZrO2 powder; according to a molar ratio of raw materials, namely Al2O3, P2O5, SiO2, MOR (morpholine) and H2O, of 1.0:0.8:0.6:2.5:80, sequentially adding pseudoboehmite, tetraethyl orthosilicate and a templating agent morpholine into an orthophosphoric acid solution while stirring, continuously stirring uniformly, stirring and aging at room temperature for 24h to form a sol system, adding the ZnO-ZrO2 powder into the system according to a core-shell mass ratio of ZnO-ZrO2 to SAPO-34 of 1:4 to 4:1, continuing stirring uniformly, then transferring to a reaction kettle, performing hydrothermal crystallization at 190-210 DEG C for 24-48h, cooling, filtering, washing by using deionized water till a neutral state, drying at 105 DEG C for 6h, and roasting at 500-600 DEG C for 3h to obtain the ZnO-ZrO2@SAPO-34 core-shell catalyst. The catalyst prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention can simultaneously increase the carbon dioxide conversion rate and the low-carbon olefin selectivity in a two-step technology in which the low-carbon olefin is prepared from methanol through CO2 hydrogenation.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a ZnO-ZrO2@Al2O3@SAPO-34 dual-core-shell catalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing ZnO-ZrO2@Al2O3 powder; taking Al2O3,P2O5, SiO2, MOR and H2O in a molar ratio of 1.0:0.8:0.6:2.5:80; adding pseudo-boehmite, ethyl orthosilicate and a template agent morpholine to an orthophosphoric acid solution sequentially while stirring, performing uniform stirring continuously, and performing stirring and aging for 24h at room temperature to form a sol system; adding 200-400-mesh ZnO-ZrO2@Al2O3 powder to the system according tothe core-shell mass ratio of ZnO-ZrO2@Al2O3: SAPO-34 of (1:4)-(4:1), performing uniform stirring continuously, and then, transferring the product into a reactor; and performing hydrothermal crystallization for 24-48h at 190-210 DEG C, performing cooling and filtration, performing washing to neutrality with deionized water, performing drying for 6h at 105 DEG C, and performing roasting for 3h at 500-600 DEG C to obtain the catalyst. The catalyst prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention can simultaneously improve the conversion rate of carbon dioxide and the selectivity of low-carbon olefin in a two-step process for preparing low-carbon olefin by CO2 hydrogenation through methanol.

An electrochemical conversion method for converting at least a portion of a first mixture comprising hydrocarbon to C₂₊ unsaturates by repeatedly applying an electric potential difference, V(τ₁), to a first electrode of an electrochemical cell during a first time interval τ₁; and reducing the electric potential difference, V(τ₁), to a second electric potential difference, V(τ₂), for a second time interval τ₂, wherein τ₂≦τ₁. The method is beneficial, among other things, for reducing coke formation in the electrochemical production of C₂₊ unsaturates in an electrochemical cell. Accordingly, a method of reducing coke formation in the electrochemical conversion of such mixtures and a method for electrochemically converting carbon to C₂₊ unsaturates as well as an apparatus for such methods are also provided.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a ZSM-5@ t-ZrO2 core-shell catalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a ZSM-5 precursor solution; at room temperature, according to a core-shell mass ratio of t-ZrO2 to ZSM-5 of 4:1 to 8:1, adding the t-ZrO2 powder into the ZSM-5 precursor solution prepared in the step (1), continuing stirring uniformly, then transferring to a reaction kettle, performing hydrothermal crystallization at 180 DEG C for 48h, cooling, filtering, washing by using deionized water till a neutral state, drying at 105 DEG C for 6h, and roasting at 500-600 DEG C for 3h to obtain the ZSM-5@t-ZrO2 core-shell catalyst. The catalyst prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention can simultaneously increase the methanol conversionrate and the methanthiol selectivity and has a long service life.

Provided are a method for preparing black yarn through direct mixing of a PET melt and special equipment of the method. The method comprises the steps that a melt is introduced from a main melt pipeline, and then a delustering agent and a dispersing agent are mixed according to a proportion; the mixture enters a double screw extruder under a negative pressure condition to be subjected to low-speed primary mixing, co-blending is conducted through an ultrasonic dynamic mixing machine, and direct spinning is conducted after mixing is conducted through a dynamic mixer. The equipment comprises an extruder assembly, an auxiliary material bin assembly, a dispersing agent bin assembly, an ultrasonic dynamic mixing assembly, a dynamic mixing assembly, a spinning metering assembly and a control box; the main melt pipeline is connected to a material outlet of a material outlet assembly, a material outlet of the ultrasonic dynamic mixing assembly is connected with the main melt pipeline through a tee joint and then communicated with the dynamic mixer, a material outlet of the dynamic mixer is communicated with a material inlet of a spinning metering pump, and a material outlet of the spinning metering pump serves as a spinning assembly connector to be connected with spinning equipment. The method for preparing the black yarn through direct mixing of the PET melt and the special equipment of the method have the advantages that the viscosity is reduced, the quality is stable, the spinnability is good, and the cost is low.

The invention discloses an externally wrapped magnetizer. The magnetizer comprises a rectangular body, wherein the body comprises a plurality of wrapping bodies which are arranged in sequence; a connecting component is connected between every two adjacent wrapping bodies; an accommodating cavity is formed inside each wrapping body; each accommodating cavity is internally provided with a magnet; and at least one group of fixed component is arranged at two ends of the body oppositely. The magnetizer can sleeve the periphery of a fuel pipeline or a water pipeline, fuel or water inside the pipeline is magnetized, the magnetizer has the effects of sufficiently burning the fuel, reducing the carbon deposition phenomenon of a fuel nozzle and improving the water quality respectively, when the magnetizer is used, the magnetizer directly sleeves an existing pipeline without other modification construction, the operation is convenient, the magnetizer is not in contact with a fluid inside the pipeline, and the magnetizer has the advantages that the fluid is not polluted.

The invention relates to a method for preventing pre-ignition of a cylinder working medium before a planned ignition time in an internal combustion engine. In the method, the pressure in the crankcase (12) of the internal combustion engine (10) is regulated in such a way that combustion through the crankcase (12) and combustion in the cylinders (11) of the internal combustion engine (10) is avoided. The pressure ratio between chambers (18) transfers lubricating oil components from the crankcase (12) to the combustion chambers (18). In another method, the ignition timing for the cylinders (12) of the internal combustion engine (10) is adjusted in certain operating ranges of the internal combustion engine (10) in such a way that the adjusted ignition timing occurs in the cylinder (12) of detonation combustion.

The invention discloses an outer-package inserting-connection electromagnetic magnetizer which comprises a mounting frame. The mounting frame comprises multiple substrates in sequential hinged connection, a base is arranged on the outer sides of the substrates, wiring terminal are arranged on the base, each wiring terminal is connected with a connection seat, an inserting hole is formed in the base on the outer side of each connection seat, an electromagnet is arranged on the outer side of the base, and two inserting needles are arranged on a shell, inserted into the inserting holes and connected with the connection seats. The magnetizer can sleeve on the periphery of a fuel pipeline or a water pipeline, the electromagnet magnetizes fuel or water in the pipeline after being electrified, size of a magnetic field generated by the electromagnet can be adjusted through current to adapt to occasions having different magnetizing strength needs, and the magnetizer has effects of enabling sufficient burning of the fuel, reducing carbon formation of a fuel nozzle and improving water quality; when in use, the magnetizer can be directly mounted on an existing pipeline in a sleeved manner, andother modification construction is not needed; the magnetizer is convenient to operate, does not contact with fluid in the pipeline and has the advantage of avoiding fluid pollution.