104results about How to "Reduce horizontal size" patented technology

The invention relates to a wide-frequency-band common-caliber base station antenna array based on a composite wave-transparent structure, and belongs to the field of base station array antennas in the mobile communication technology. Comprising a low-frequency antenna, a high-frequency antenna and a metal floor, the low-frequency antenna is located above the high-frequency antenna, and the orthographic projection of the low-frequency antenna and the orthographic projection of the high-frequency antenna are partially or completely overlapped on the metal floor; the low-frequency antenna is composed of three layers of composite wave-transparent structures, and when high-frequency electromagnetic waves irradiate the composite wave-transparent structures of the low-frequency antenna, the composite wave-transparent structures are excited to form a mixed wave-transparent structure; two or more resonance points can be introduced into the mixed wave-transparent structure, so that a broadband transmission window is further introduced, and the shielding effect on a high-frequency antenna caused by a low-frequency antenna is inhibited. The broadband common-caliber base station array antenna can work in two broadband working frequency bands, unit directional diagrams of the two frequency bands in the array are kept stable, and the broadband common-caliber base station array antenna has the advantages of being simple in structure, easy and convenient to design, capable of achieving array arrangement conveniently, low in interference and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of semiconductor devices, in particular to a power semiconductor device and a preparation method of the power semiconductor device. The power semiconductor device comprises a substrate, the substrate is provided with an active region, the active region comprises a source region and a drain region, a gate trench is formed between the source region and the drain region, and the gate trench is recessed from the upper surface of the substrate to the active region; the main grid electrode is located in the grid electrode groove, and the main grid electrode extends downwards from the upper surface of the grid electrode groove; and the insulating layer is filled between the inner wall of the gate trench and the main gate. The length of the drift region between the source region and the drain region is converted from the transverse size between the source region and the drain region to the perimeter of the gate trench, so that the transverse size of the power semiconductor device can be reduced while the BV is ensured, and the specific on-resistance (Rsp) of the power semiconductor device is reduced at the same time. The size of the power semiconductor device is reduced, and the optimal BV / Rsp compromise is realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of microwaves and antennas, particularly discloses a miniature ultra-wideband planar helical antenna based on a magnetic medium, and aims to solve the problem that indexes such as miniaturization, ultra-wideband, high gain and circular polarization are difficult to consider in the design of an existing helical antenna. The helical antenna structure comprises an antenna radiation unit, a metal stepped shielding inner cavity, a Balun feed structure, a feed connector, a circular metal reflection back cavity and a magnetic dielectric material. According to the invention, the magnetic dielectric material is arranged below the radiation circuit so as to regulate and control the surface current distribution at the tail end of the circuit and centrally regulate and control the size and direction of an electromagnetic field vector in a cavity, so that the reduction of the transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the antenna is effectively realized; the impedance matching bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth of the miniaturized antenna can be improved while the high gain of the antenna is kept, the extremely high impedance matching bandwidth can be realized, and the excellent circular polarization characteristic is kept in the bandwidth range.

The utility model discloses an integrated reflector, an automobile lamp optical system, an automobile lamp assembly and an automobile, and relates to the technical field of automobile lighting. The integrated reflector comprises a low-beam reflection cavity, a first high-beam reflection cavity and a second high-beam reflection cavity, the first high-beam reflection cavity is arranged on one side of the low-beam reflection cavity in the horizontal direction, and the second high-beam reflection cavity is arranged on the side, away from the light source, of the low-beam reflection cavity in the vertical direction. According to the integrated reflecting mirror, the vehicle lamp optical system, the vehicle lamp assembly and the vehicle, the problems that the transverse size of an integrated reflecting mirror is large, and the manufacturing cost of a split reflecting mirror is high can be solved.

The invention discloses a circularly polarized cavity-backed helical antenna based on a rectangular micro-coaxial process. The circularly polarized cavity-backed helical antenna mainly comprises two helical arms, a dielectric substrate printed with the two helical arms, a thin-film resistor on the dielectric substrate, two metal rings on the outer circle of the dielectric substrate, a metal sleeve, a feed rectangular coaxial line balun, a conical metal table, a wave-absorbing material and a radio frequency coaxial connector. The tail ends of the two spiral arms are connected with one ends of the two thin-film resistors respectively, the other ends of the two thin-film resistors are connected with the metal rings respectively, the dielectric substrate is placed above the metal sleeve, and the top and the bottom of the feed rectangular coaxial line balun are connected with the spiral arms and the radio frequency coaxial connector respectively. The feed rectangular coaxial line balun is embedded in the conical metal table, and the wave-absorbing material is placed above the conical metal table. The antenna provided by the invention adopts a metal back cavity structure, and has the characteristics of small overall structure size, high gain and low axial ratio in an ultra-wideband range.

A vehicle-mounted lifting loudspeaker box assembly comprises a base, a motor, a loudspeaker and a lifting seat. The base is provided with a guide wall extending upwards. The motor is installed at the bottom of the base. The lifting seat sleeves the base and is spirally matched with the guide wall of the base to realize lifting, and a mounting space for mounting a loudspeaker is formed between the lifting seat and the base; an inner gear ring is arranged on the lifting seat, and the output end of the motor is connected with the inner gear ring through a gear and used for driving the inner gear ring to rotate through the gear so that the lifting seat can rotationally ascend and descend relative to the base guide wall. The motor can be arranged in the center close to the central axis of the loudspeaker as much as possible, the size of the part, protruding out of the periphery of the loudspeaker, of the motor is reduced, then the overall transverse size of the loudspeaker box is reduced, and the external shape of the loudspeaker box tends to be regular so as to adapt to the space, used for installing the loudspeaker box, on a vehicle interior trim part. Therefore, the sound box can be well arranged in the vehicle.

The present invention relates to a converter valve tower, which is a vertical structure, including at least two upper and lower stacked valve layers and a pressure equalizing ring arranged above the uppermost valve layer, and a water leakage detection mechanism arranged below the lowermost valve layer, each valve layer includes two valve modules arranged in parallel, and a maintenance platform that can be disassembled and translated is arranged between the valve modules on the same layer, the valve modules on the same layer are electrically connected by a pipe mother, the adjacent valve layers are electrically connected by a cross-layer pipe mother, and the two ends of the adjacent valve layers are connected by a diagonal insulator, and at least two cooling water pipelines are arranged in the valve modules on the same column. The valve tower of the present invention adopts a vertical structure, and the valve modules on the same layer and the valve modules on the adjacent valve layers are connected by a pipe mother, the structure is compact, the floor space of the valve tower is effectively reduced, the installation of the valve body is convenient, and its stability is improved.

The invention discloses a bogie with a built-in axle box and a railway vehicle, and the bogie comprises a framework which comprises two parallel side beams and a cross beam connected between the two side beams; the axle box body is arranged on the inner side of the side beam; the brake clamp mounting seat is arranged on the outer side of the side beam; the brake clamp hanger is of a transverse flat structure and is connected with the brake clamp mounting seat through a vertical positioning fastener with a vertical axial direction and a transverse positioning fastener with a transverse axial direction; and the brake clamp is connected with the bottom of the brake clamp hanger. The braking clamp hanging piece is of a transverse flat structure, the transverse size is reduced, the transverse size of the braking clamp mounting base is reduced, and in order to achieve stable fixing of the braking clamp hanging piece, the braking clamp hanging piece and the braking clamp mounting base are connected through the vertical positioning fastening piece and the transverse positioning fastening piece at the same time; on the basis that the installation space of the upper portion of the brake clamp is saved, reliable installation of the brake clamp is achieved.

The invention provides a high-entropy metal phosphorus-sulfur compound nanosheet as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the high-entropy metal phosphorus-sulfur compound nanosheet comprises the steps that manganese powder, cobalt powder, nickel powder, copper powder, silver powder, phosphorus powder and sulfur powder are mixed according to a preset mass ratio, tableting is conducted after even grinding is conducted, and a tableting sample is obtained; vacuumizing the tableting sample and then packaging the tableting sample; heating the packaged tablet sample to 590-710 DEG C, keeping the temperature for 150-200 hours, and cooling to obtain a block sample; after grinding the block sample, dispersing the block sample in a polar solvent for ultrasonic cleaning to obtain a cleaning mixed solution; taking supernate of the cleaning mixed solution, carrying out ultrasonic crushing treatment, and centrifuging to obtain a nanosheet crude product; and cleaning the nanosheet crude product, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain the nanosheet product. The invention aims to solve the problem of poor catalytic performance of metal phosphorus sulfide.

This invention discloses a coaxial dual-cavity optical detection system, relating to the field of gas detection, which solves the problems of poor portability and low laser utilization in existing equipment. The system includes an air inlet, two coaxially arranged cavities with the inner cavity located inside the outer cavity, a vent, an outlet, a plano-concave mirror, and symmetrical window mirrors. The two cavities are interconnected through the vent, allowing for gas filling and exhaust with a single gas path. Coaxial parallel plano-concave mirrors are installed within the cavities, working in conjunction with an external reflector, convex lens, and detector to guide refracted light incident on the inner cavity into the outer cavity for utilization, forming a closed loop in the optical path of the two cavities. This system significantly reduces longitudinal and lateral dimensions, improving portability; simultaneous dual-cavity detection improves detection accuracy; the utilization of refracted light enhances laser utilization and sensing efficiency; and the increased effective optical path within a limited volume improves gas detection sensitivity, making it suitable for trace gas detection.

The utility model provides a four-bead feeding device. The four-bead feeding device comprises a first bead feeding mechanism, a first bead feeding driving mechanism and a first motor, the second bead feeding driving mechanism and the second motor are correspondingly arranged; the first bead conveying mechanism, the second bead conveying mechanism, the third bead conveying driving mechanism, the third motor, the third motor mounting plate, the third bead conveying mechanism, the third bead conveying driving mechanism, the third motor and the third motor mounting plate are correspondingly arranged, and the third motor is arranged in a notch formed in the first mounting plate or above the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate; the machine head distance adjusting mechanism of the numerical control machine tool is compact in structure, reasonable in installation and capable of meeting the installation requirement for the small machine head distance.

This application discloses a driving device, comprising: a base; a lens focusing section including: a focusing carrier movably mounted on the base; a focusing coil mounted on one side of the focusing carrier; and a common magnet disposed opposite to the focusing coil; and a chip-mounted image stabilization section including: a movable image stabilization carrier movably mounted on the base; at least one image stabilization magnet disposed on the base, opposite to the common magnet; and an image stabilization coil disposed on the movable image stabilization carrier, opposite to the image stabilization magnet and the common magnet; wherein the base includes an upward extension and a bottom lateral extension, the bottom lateral extension extending horizontally, the upward extension extending from the bottom lateral extension along the optical axis towards the object side of the base, the upward extension forming a magnet mounting position for mounting the common magnet, and the image stabilization magnet disposed on the bottom lateral extension.

The invention discloses a built-in permanent magnet generating device which is built in a relativistic magnetron and comprises internal magnetic steel which comprises a first permanent magnet ring, a second permanent magnet ring and a plurality of fan-shaped permanent magnet blocks, the magnetizing directions of the first permanent magnet ring and the second permanent magnet ring are in radial orientation, and the magnetizing directions of the fan-shaped permanent magnet blocks are in radial orientation. The fan-shaped permanent magnet block is embedded in an anode blade of the relativistic magnetron; and the peripheral yoke is arranged between the internal magnetic steel and the outer wall of the relativistic magnetron. According to the relativistic magnetron, the usage amount of the magnetic steel is reduced, meanwhile, the peripheral leakage flux of the magnetic circuit system can be reduced, the utilization rate of magnetic lines is improved, miniaturization and light weight of the relativistic magnetron can be achieved, the overall energy consumption is reduced, and the multi-platform application requirement is met.

The utility model provides a heating assembly and an electronic atomization device, the heating assembly comprises a support and a heating body, and one side of the support is provided with an atomization groove penetrating to the two ends in the axial direction; the heating body comprises a heating part covering the atomizing groove and two supporting parts arranged at the two ends of the heating part in the extending direction of the atomizing groove, each supporting part is bent and extends along the periphery of the support from the heating part, and the supporting parts and the support are fixedly assembled. The heating body comprises a heating part which covers the atomization groove and is used for providing heat and further comprises two supporting parts which are arranged on the two sides of the heating part in the extending direction of the atomization groove, each supporting part is attached to the periphery of the support and extends in a bent mode, the supporting parts and the support are fixedly assembled, and therefore the whole heating body and the support can be fixedly assembled, and the heating effect is improved. The structural stability of the heating body can be ensured through the supporting part, and the heating part is prevented from deforming, warping and the like; the transverse size of the heating body is reduced, the compactness of the overall structure of the heating assembly is improved, and miniaturization design can be achieved conveniently.

An embodiment of the present application provides a power supply component and a motor assembly, wherein the power supply component comprises: a brush disk portion, a connector portion, and a bus bar, wherein the bus bar comprises: a flat plate portion, wherein the flat plate portion is arranged on the brush disk portion, wherein one end of the flat plate portion is connected to a noise reduction element, wherein the minimum dimension of the flat plate portion along the axial direction is smaller than the minimum dimension perpendicular to the axial direction; and a vertical plate portion, wherein the vertical plate portion is connected to the flat plate portion and extends radially outward from the brush disk portion, wherein at least a portion of the vertical plate portion is arranged on the connector portion, wherein the minimum dimension of the vertical plate portion perpendicular to the axial direction is smaller than the minimum dimension along the axial direction, and the direction of the minimum dimension of the vertical plate portion perpendicular to the axial direction arranged on the connector portion is perpendicular to the protruding direction of the connector portion relative to the brush disk portion.

This application discloses a joystick device and a control device. The joystick device includes a support base, a joystick, a swinging member, and a reset assembly. The joystick is provided with a pressing part; the swinging member includes a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other, the first end contacting the pressing part, and the second end being rotatably connected to the support base; the reset assembly is disposed on the support base; the reset assembly contacts one end face of the first end away from the joystick; wherein, when the pressing part presses the first end, the second end rotates relative to the support base, and the reset assembly drives the first end to reset. The joystick device of this application can reduce the lateral dimension, thereby reducing space occupation. In addition, the first end of the swinging member contacting the pressing part and the second end of the swinging member being rotatably connected to the support base make the joystick easier to push or return, improving the user experience.

The invention relates to the field of antennas, and particularly discloses a dual-polarized antenna, which comprises a slot antenna layer for radiating a first polarized wave and a microstrip antenna layer for radiating a second polarized wave, wherein the slot antenna layer comprises a waveguide structure, the waveguide structure comprises a plurality of radiation units arranged along a first direction, and each radiation unit comprises a plurality of radiation slots extending along a second direction; the micro-strip antenna layer comprises a plurality of micro-strip oscillator units arranged along a first direction, and each micro-strip oscillator unit comprises a plurality of micro-strip oscillators arranged along a second direction; the microstrip antenna layer is arranged on the slot antenna layer, at least one microstrip array unit is arranged between the radiation units, and projections of the microstrip arrays and the radiation slots on the waveguide structure are not overlapped; the antenna is simple in structure, has the characteristics of low profile, miniaturization and light weight, can obtain the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of a target in different polarization directions, and is suitable for a high-frequency dual-polarized antenna.

This utility model discloses an electric vertical takeoff and landing manned aircraft, including an aluminum alloy frame, a vibration damping assembly, a right guardrail connected to one side of the aluminum alloy frame, and a left guardrail connected to the other side via a pivot seat. The vibration damping assembly includes a first carbon fiber tube and a vibration damping seat fitted on the first carbon fiber tube. The upper and lower vibration damping seats are fastened with bolts through the penetration between the first carbon fiber tube and the aluminum alloy frame. The rubber vibration damping pad absorbs high-frequency vibration energy through its own elastic deformation, effectively blocking the direct transmission of vibration to the frame. The axial anti-roll bracket forms an elastic clamp on the sleeve through rubber clips. This clamping force can be flexibly adjusted by the hardness of the rubber clips, which greatly reduces the vibration felt in the cockpit area. Both the first and second carbon fiber tubes are made of carbon fiber composite material, which has a weak ability to reflect sound waves and can reduce the transmission efficiency of propeller aerodynamic noise.

The present application relates to a single-field vision system, a calibration device and an alignment recognition method. The single-field vision system comprises: a first reflective element, a first light source, a first beam splitter element, a second light source, a second beam splitter element, a third beam splitter element, a second reflective element and a camera. The single-field vision system of the present application can be applied to the high-precision alignment recognition process in the process flow of a solder printer. By using only one set of cameras and sacrificing the spacing between the first target and the second target to obtain a smaller lateral size, the system is simpler and the cost is reduced while maintaining high-precision alignment.

The disc brake lock comprises a shell, the shell is provided with a first guide groove, a lock groove, an inlet and outlet, a lock hole and a first receding hole, the lock groove is used for being matched with a disc brake disc, the inlet and outlet are located in one side of the shell and communicate with the lock groove, the lock hole is formed in the bottom wall of the lock groove and located in the side close to the inlet and outlet, and the first receding hole communicates with the first guide groove and the lock groove; the center axis of the first avoiding hole and the center axis of the first guide groove are arranged in a spaced mode in the transverse direction of the shell, and the center axis of the first avoiding hole is closer to the inlet and outlet than the center axis of the first guide groove. The lock cylinder is movably arranged on the first guide groove, the lock cylinder has a locking state that the lock cylinder retracts into the first guide groove and an unlocking state that at least part of the lock cylinder extends out of the first guide groove, and the lock cylinder moves to be switched between the locking state and the unlocking state; the lock rod is connected with the lock cylinder, the lock rod is movably arranged in the first avoiding hole in a penetrating mode, and the lock rod can move along with the lock cylinder to be matched with or separated from the lock hole. The size can be reduced.

The utility model provides a platform safety rope lifting mechanism which comprises a lifting column internally provided with a power device and a lifting device. The lifting device comprises a lifting part, a first rope moving part, a second rope moving part and a third rope moving part, three vertical sliding rails are arranged in the lifting column side by side, the three rope moving parts slide on the three sliding rails correspondingly, and limiting seats with the position heights changing step by step in sequence are arranged on the three sliding rails correspondingly. The first rope moving part can move to the lowest position, and the lifting part is fixed to the power device and the first rope moving part and can lift the three rope moving parts. The rope moving part comprises a displacement part and a rope connecting part, and the rope connecting part of the first rope moving part and the rope connecting part of the third rope moving part deviate from the second rope moving part and are located on the outer side of the rope connecting part of the second rope moving part. The mechanism can safely guard passengers through lifting of the ropes, the three rope moving parts are compact in structure, and production, transportation and installation of the mechanism are facilitated.

The utility model discloses a working mechanism with multiple rotating heads, which solves the technical problems of low working efficiency and poor effect of an electric tool with a single working head in the prior art. The multi-rotating-head working mechanism comprises a driver, a plurality of rotating heads and a planetary gear assembly, the planetary gear assembly comprises a main shaft, a planet carrier, a plurality of planetary gears, a plurality of rotating shafts and fixedly-arranged meshing units, the rotating shafts are rotatably arranged on the planet carrier, and the meshing units are fixedly arranged on the main shaft. The planetary gears, the rotating shaft and the rotating head rotate synchronously, the rotating head is arranged below the planet carrier, the driver is in transmission connection with the main shaft, the planet carrier is installed on the main shaft and rotates synchronously with the main shaft, and the meshing unit is meshed with the multiple planetary gears. And the planet carrier rotates to drive the plurality of planet gears to revolve around the axis of the main shaft and enable the plurality of planet gears to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft. The utility model further provides an electric tool which adopts the multi-rotating-head working mechanism in the technical scheme.

The utility model relates to the technical field of motorcycle lighting lamps, in particular to a multi-light-source transmission type beam concentration lamp which comprises a substrate, light-emitting light sources, a first lens set, a connecting piece and a second lens. The substrate provides installation conditions for the light-emitting source, the first lens group and the connecting piece, the connecting piece is used for connecting the second lens and the substrate, the first lens group is used for collecting light rays emitted by the light-emitting source to the maximum extent, the light rays are evenly distributed in the space, and each lens is optimally designed according to the characteristics of the corresponding light source. The second lens modulates the light in the vertical direction of the lens and does not modulate the light in the horizontal direction, so that the light emitted by each light source can share the second lens, the light beams are overlapped on the second lens to the maximum extent, and the light scattering effect is improved under the condition that the multiple light sources are used at the same time. The transverse size of the second lens is minimized, the compactness and cost reduction of the whole system are facilitated, and the appearance is more harmonious and attractive.

The present invention provides an optical lens, which sequentially includes, from the object side to the image side: a catadioptric element, the reflection surface of the catadioptric element forms an angle of 45° with the optical axis where it is located; a first lens with positive optical power, the object side surface of which is convex and the image side surface of which is concave; a second lens with negative optical power, the object side surface of which is convex and the image side surface of which is concave; a third lens with optical power, the object side surface of which is concave and the image side surface of which is convex; a fourth lens with positive optical power, the object side surface of which is concave and the image side surface of which is convex; the first lens adopts a trimmed lens forming process, and the first lens satisfies the conditional formula: 0.95 < D1min / D1max < 0.99, where D1max represents the maximum optical aperture of the first lens and D1min represents the minimum optical aperture of the first lens. The optical lens of the present invention adopts a trimmed lens forming process to compress the lateral dimension of the lens aperture, and can preferably realize the design of a periscope lens with a large aperture and a large field of view, and can meet the design requirements of the thinning of smart phones.

The invention provides a space station truss system. The system is composed of an upper truss structure (1), a lower truss structure (2), an unfolding driving assembly (3), a base structure (4), an integrated two-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism (5), a large-area flexible solar wing (6), an exposed load adapter (7) and the like. The system is launched into an orbit along with a space station cabin section. After being launched into a rail, the upper truss structure and the lower truss structure are driven by the unfolding assembly to synchronously and reversely rotate by 90 degrees around the axis of the rotating shaft assembly to be unfolded, and the unfolding assembly is locked after the upper truss structure and the lower truss structure are in place, so that a fixed structure system is formed. At least four pairs of large-area solar wings can be carried through one-time launching, and at least 16 exposed load stations are provided at the same time. The device can be applied to a space station, is simple in form, is compact in structure, is high in single-cabin launching capability, and is good in expandability.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of flow field testing, and discloses a full-parameter probe for measuring the two-dimensional steady flow field of the boundary layer on the outer wall of a hub, which includes a probe head, pressure sensing holes, a temperature sensor, an adiabatic and insulating seal, a pressure guiding tube, a temperature sensor cable, a temperature sensor cable lead-out channel, a pressure guiding tube lead-out channel, and a probe strut. The probe head is cylindrical, and three non-connecting pressure sensing holes arranged in a "pin" shape are disposed on the windward surface; an arc groove is axially formed on the leeward surface of the probe head, and the temperature sensor is placed in the arc groove to avoid the direct impact of the mainstream on the temperature sensor. Compared with the existing boundary layer probes, the present invention can simultaneously measure the total temperature, static temperature, total pressure, static pressure, deflection angle, Mach number, density, and two-dimensional velocity of the two-dimensional steady flow field in the boundary layer on the outer wall of the hub, and can also take into account the measurement of the flow field in the boundary layer in the inlet of an aeroengine, and has the characteristics of small size, high spatial resolution, high measurement accuracy, and high reliability.

The utility model discloses a quantum chip, a quantum chip packaging box and a quantum computer, and belongs to the technical field of quantum chip manufacturing. In the quantum chip, a first surface and a second surface opposite to a quantum bit layer and a third surface of a wiring layer are each provided with one or more of a microwave control line, a magnetic flux control line, a reading bus and a reading resonator, and circuits of the first surface and quantum bits are in different-plane capacitance coupling. According to the quantum chip, the wiring of the whole quantum chip is dispersed to the first surface, the second surface and the third surface, the wiring pressure of the wiring layer is relieved, the transverse size of the quantum chip can be reduced, and then the influence of a packaging cavity mode on the quantum bit performance is restrained; the lines on the first surface and the quantum bits are subjected to capacitive coupling through the quantum bit layer, so that the stability of the quantum chip is effectively improved.

The application provides a compact high-speed modulator, which comprises an input waveguide, a light splitting structure for splitting light input by the input waveguide into a first light path and a second light path, a first photonic crystal region for modulating the first light path by thermal light, and a second photonic crystal region for modulating the first light path by electro-optic modulation, a third photonic crystal region for modulating the second light path by electro-optic modulation, and a light combining structure for combining the modulated first light path and the second light path and outputting the combined light path through an output waveguide, wherein the first to third photonic crystal regions each comprise a plurality of periodically arranged structure units, each structure unit comprises a one-dimensional topological lattice waveguide and a first multi-lattice expansion region and a second multi-lattice expansion region located on two sides of the one-dimensional topological lattice waveguide respectively, and by modulating the phase shift and the coupling strength at the interface, topological boundary states with different characteristics are excited in the band gap.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of railway line rail collection and unloading, and discloses a semi-axle frame type bogie for railway rail-changing vehicles and a railway rail-changing vehicle. The semi-axle frame type bogie for railway rail-changing vehicles comprises a frame mechanism, a wheel axle mechanism, a pillow beam mechanism, a center plate mechanism, a side bearing mechanism and a braking device. The frame mechanism comprises a wheel axle main frame and a connecting cylinder. The wheel axle main frame is a front-to-back symmetrical structure as a whole, and the front and rear ends are sequentially provided with wheel axle mounting through holes, connecting cylinder mounting holes for corresponding insertion and installation of the two ends of the connecting cylinder, and rubber spring placement grooves with rubber springs installed toward the center line of the wheel axle main frame. The connecting cylinder mounting holes are higher than the wheel axle mounting through holes and the rubber spring placement grooves. The wheel axle mechanism comprises bearings, axles and wheels. The present invention also discloses a railway rail-changing vehicle, comprising a vehicle body and the semi-axle frame type bogie. The present invention has the advantages of being applicable to two rail collection and unloading operation modes, lateral and centering, having a wide range of use, and having a structural strength that meets operation requirements.