The invention relates to a method for separating L-glutamic acid and L-pyroglutamic acid from a glutamic acid refinement mother solution. The method comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out vacuum concentration on the glutamic acid refinement mother solution, cooling to crystallize, and centrifugating, wherein the solid is the L-glutamic acid crude product, and the liquid is for later use; 2) washing the L-glutamic acid crude product with water to obtain pure L-glutamic acid; and 3) heating the liquid obtained in the step 1), carrying out pressurized pyrogenic reaction, cooling, concentrating, cooling to crystallize, centrifugating, collecting the precipitate, adding water to a saturated state, recrystallizing, cooling, and carrying out centrifugal separation to obtain the L-pyroglutamic acid. The method is simple in technical process, and can well solve the problem of the separation technique for glutamic acid and pyroglutamic acid, thereby achieving the goals of enhancing the L-glutamic acid refinement yield and coproducing the L-pyroglutamic acid.