The invention discloses a one-card multi-number service system supporting dispersed numbers and a communication method and relates to the field of mobile communication. The one-card multi-number service system receives a service request forwarded by a user access network from a user, and the service request is routed according to a virtual IMSI; the virtual IMSI is replaced with a main IMSI or an auxiliary IMSI according to the service request, and a service request process is sent to a corresponding network according to the main IMSI or the auxiliary IMSI; the one-card multi-number service system stores a main number and a main IMSI, an auxiliary number and an auxiliary IMSI, and a virtual IMSI and a virtual MSC identifier corresponding to a mobile phone card of the user; and the route of the main number or the main IMSI points to a first party network, the virtual IMSI is a special continuous number section for the one-card multi-number user and is in one-to-one correspondence with the mobile phone card, the route of the virtual IMSI points to the one-card multi-number service system, and the routes of the auxiliary number and the auxiliary IMSI point to a second party network. Therefore, the user can use an original number, no signaling screening is needed, service deployment is simple, ordinary users are not affected, the system risk is small, and the safety is high.