The invention provides a digital twinning-based vehicle depot rapid departure control method and system, and the method comprises the steps: taking vehicle depot line equipment, including a track unit, a turnout, a vehicle stop and the like, as physical objects, and building corresponding line equipment digital objects; and establishing a digital object of the train by taking the train as a physical object. By constructing a data transmission channel, real-time data transmission is established between the physical object and the digital object, and data synchronization between the physical object and the digital object is ensured. And constructing a digital twinborn body of the vehicle depot, and synchronizing, monitoring, analyzing and controlling the real-time states of equipment such as lines and trains of the vehicle depot. According to the method, the train protection distance is established under the conditions of the position relation between trains, the position relation between the trains and turnouts and the position relation between the trains and other obstacle points, the train target speed distance curve is calculated in combination with the train protection distance, the train traction braking performance and the line condition, and operation control is conducted. And the driving efficiency of the vehicle depot is improved while the driving safety is ensured.