The invention discloses a rapid protective film laying device for agricultural vegetable planting, and relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment.The rapid protective film laying device for agricultural vegetable planting comprises a laying frame, and further comprises an adjusting device, a film laying device and a film laying device, the adjusting device comprises an adjusting plate, a leveling shaft, a leveling roller, a laying roller, a connecting plate, a compaction roller wheel, a U-shaped limiting rod, a connecting cylinder, an adjusting rod and a soil shifting roller, and a sliding groove is formed in the surface of the laying frame. Meanwhile, the distance between the protective films and the distance between the vegetable planting plots can be adjusted by changing the included angle between the soil shifting roller and the laying frame, so that the requirements for planting different vegetables are met, and the applicability of the equipment is further improved.