The invention discloses a multifunctional rapid soil nutrient detection device based on a halogen lamp combined light source. The multifunctional rapid soil nutrient detection device is composed of three parts, namely a detection module, a microprocessor and a GPS (Global Position System) module, and relates to a power supply module, a voltage stabilization module, a sample module, a detection module, a display module, the GPS module, an internet access module, a processor module, a light source combination manner and a structural design. According to the soil nutrient detection device, the microprocessor adopts an embedded single-board computer which has a fast speed, a large internal storage, abundant interfaces and simple power supply. The detection module is powered from the microprocessor by adopting a USB (Universal Serial Bus) data line. The device is compact in structure, convenient to move and carry and good in stability; meanwhile, indexes of a plurality of soil nutrients (including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters) can be analyzed simultaneously, and the device also has a GPS function so as to conveniently read out global longitude and latitude coordinates to realize real-time positioning.