The invention discloses a composite material battery box, which comprises a lower shell and an upper cover, wherein the lower shell is of a sandwich structure and comprises an outer shell, a reinforcing support and an inner shell which are bonded into a whole through a structural adhesive, a cooling water path layer is laid on the inner bottom surface of the lower shell, a plurality of battery packs are fixed on the cooling water path layer, and two adjacent battery packs are provide with a mica sheet therebetween; the upper cover is formed by compounding multiple layers of materials, the middle layer of the upper cover is a filling material layer, the upper surface and the lower surface of the filling material layer are laminated with a fiber material layer, and the filling material layerand the fiber material layer are adhered and fixed through foamed polyurethane sprayed on the fiber material layer. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the battery box formed by adopting the composite material of various different materials has the advantages of easy forming, good corrosion resistance, good insulation, high temperature resistance, heat insulation, flame retardance, explosion prevention and the like, improves the safety performance of the battery packs, improves the endurance mileage and the stability of the endurance mileage, reduces the mileage anxiety, and is excellent in shock absorption and noise reduction performance.