The present invention discloses a vehicle dynamic measurement sensing device and method based on the fiber-loop ring-down spectroscopy technology, belonging to the field of fiber sensing and vehicle dynamic measurement. The device comprises a pulse light source, a lead-in fiber, couplers, sensing heads, a transmission fiber, a lead-out fiber, a photodetector, an oscilloscope and a computer for data processing. The couplers also comprise a No.1 coupler and a No.2 coupler. The sensing heads comprise a No.1 sensing head and a No.2 sensing head. A ring resonator is formed by the No.1 coupler, the No.1 sensing head, the No.2 sensing head, and the No.2 coupler through a transmission fiber group. The vehicle dynamic measurement sensing device and the method have the advantages of a simple structure, a novel method, high measurement accuracy and good repeatability, the vehicle dynamic weighing and speed monitoring can be realized, and the device and the method have a broad application prospect in the field of road traffic real-time monitoring.