The invention discloses an automatic detection line and detection method of a carbon fiber gas bottle. The detection line comprises a water pressure testing device, an auxiliary water pressure testing device, a bottle valve loading and unloading machine and an air tightness experiment device, which are arranged from front to back, wherein the water pressure testing device comprises a testing rack, a testing operation platform, a pressurizing device, a testing box and a testing trolley; the auxiliary water pressure testing device comprises a gas bottle clamp, a conveying trolley, and gas bottle water pouring and drying treatment equipment; the bottle valve loading and unloading machine comprises a bottle valve loading and unloading rack, a control cabinet, a gas bottle fixing mechanism and a bottle valve screwing mechanism; the air tightness experiment device comprises an air tightness testing device and a second gas supplying device for supplying gas to a plurality of gas bottles to be tested. The detection method comprises the following steps: 1, testing water pressure; 2, carrying out water pouring and drying treatment; 3, assembling a bottle valve; 4, testing air tightness. The automatic detection line provided by the invention is reasonable in design, simple to use and operate and good in use effect, and can be used for simply, conveniently and rapidly finishing water pressure testing and air tightness testing processes of the plurality of carbon fiber gas bottles.