The invention provides a floating type building translation and underground structure construction method. The floating type building translation and underground structure construction method comprises the steps that original piles, a tray
system, translation piles and an
enclosure and
water stop structure are constructed, earth excavation is conducted, and vertical loads of a building are transmitted to the original piles through the tray
system; installing an elastic air bag and an anti-collision air bag; constructing a horizontal sealing bottom to form a floating
pool; pouring floating liquid to a first stage
water level; disconnecting the original
pile and the tray
system; liquid for floating is injected to the second-stage
water level line, so that the tray system is separated from the original
pile; the building is translated from an original address to a translation address in a floating manner through a traction
rope by a traction device; floating liquid is discharged to a third-stage
water level line, and the building falls on a translation address
pile column; and the lateral restraining device, the traction device, the traction
rope, the elastic air bag and the anti-collision air bag are dismantled, the floating liquid is discharged, and the
underground space structure is constructed. The problems that the translation efficiency is low, the requirements for equipment and space are high, and disturbance is caused by uneven ground can be solved.