The invention relates to a treatment device for phenolic resin production wastewater. The treatment device comprises a regulating tank, a catalytic condensation tank, an extraction tank, a neutralizing tank, an advanced oxidation tank, an anaerobic tank, an aerobic tank, a quick sand filter tank and a clear water tank, wherein the catalytic condensation tank comprises a mixing and stirring zone and a solid accumulation zone, a catalytic condensation tank water inlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the mixing and stirring zone, a phosphoric acid addition gauge and a formaldehyde addition gauge are arranged at the middle-upper part, and a stirrer is arranged in the middle of the mixing and stirring zone; the extraction tank comprises an extraction stirring zone and an extraction separationzone, and an extraction tank inlet is formed in the bottom of the extraction stirring zone and communicated with a catalytic condensation tank water outlet pipe; the neutralizing tank is equipped with an alkali liquor addition gauge; the advanced oxidation tank comprises an aeration oxidation zone and a sedimentation zone, and an ozone aeration disc is arranged at the bottom of the aeration oxidation zone; the anaerobic tank comprises a facultative zone, an anoxic zone and an anaerobic zone separated by baffles; the aerobic tank is equipped with a water distribution cone and an oxygen measurement regulator; the quick sand filter tank comprises a water distribution zone, a sand washing zone and a sand filter zone.