The invention provides a method for designing a space-based measurement and control data format adapted to a Beidou short message, comprising the following steps: telemetry data format definition: framing is completed through nested packaging to obtain a telemetry frame, the frame length of the telemetry data is within a 240 Byte limit, a direct short message insertion mode is adopted, and the telemetry frame is divided into containing an insertion field and not containing the insertion field; direct instruction format definition: the length does not exceed the 240 Byte frame of the Beidou short message, a direct short message insertion mode is used, and a remote control instruction is composed of a guide code, an instruction code, an execution sequence and an end sequence; data injectioninstruction format definition: a data injection instruction consists of the guide code, length information, an injection instruction code and the end sequence, moreover, when the injection instructioncode exceeds 226 Byte, the code is disassembled into multiple packages for sending, and an odd-even check redundancy packet is added. According to the method in the invention, the characteristics ofthe Beidou short message is analyzed, the instruction formats are all subjected to an adaptive design, and a data format support is provided for spacecraft measurement and control management based onthe Beidou short message.