The invention discloses a method for detecting bivalve derived components by fluorescent quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction), which comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing a sample, carrying out DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) extraction on the sample, carrying out PCR amplification through a primer, then carrying out agarose gel electrophoresis on the amplified product to obtain an electrophoretic band, cutting and recycling the target band, sending the target band to a sequencing company for sequencing, inputting a sequencing result into an NCBI (National Center of Biotechnology Information) website for BLAST (Basic Local Amplified Sequence Test) comparison, species information and related target gene sequences are obtained, the target gene sequence of each bivalve shellfish is downloaded, DNAMAN software is used for comparison to obtain the same gene sequence of the obtained shellfish variety, primers and Taqman probes are designed according to the target sequences, the primers and the Taqman probes are sent to a company to synthesize the primers and the probes, commercially available shellfish samples are used for primer and probe verification, and the target gene sequence of each bivalve shellfish is obtained. The bivalve shellfish can be detected. According to the present invention, the DNA extraction is performed on the sample, the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR amplification is performed by using the specific primer probe, whether the sample contains the bivalve shellfish component is determined according to the amplification curve and the CT value, and the type detection can be effectively performed on the shellfish component in the food.