414 results about "Saxitoxin" patented technology

Compositions and methods for conferring insecticidal activity to bacteria, plants, plant cells, tissues and seeds are provided. Compositions including a coding sequence for a Brevibacillus-derived delta-endotoxin polypeptide are provided. The coding sequences can be used in DNA constructs or expression cassettes for transformation and expression in plants and bacteria. Compositions also include transformed bacteria, plants, plant cells, tissues, and seeds. In particular, isolated delta-endotoxin nucleic acid molecules are provided. Additionally, amino acid sequences corresponding to the polynucleotides are encompassed, and antibodies specifically binding to those amino acid sequences. In particular, the present invention provides for isolated nucleic acid molecules having nucleotide sequences encoding the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 7, or 10, or the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, as well as variants and fragments thereof.

The present disclosure provides drug-ligand conjugates that are potent cytotoxins and include a linker between the drug and ligand where the linker has a single amino acid. The disclosure is also directed to compositions containing the drug-ligand conjugates, and to methods of treatment using them.

Methods for treating a coronary risk factor (such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity) and / or a respiratory disorder (such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchitis) and / or arthritis by local administration of a botulinum neurotoxin to at least one of a head, neck or shoulder location (for example, by subdermal, subcutaneous or intramuscular administration of the botulinum neurotoxin) of a patient with a coronary risk factor, respiratory disorder or arthritis.

The invention relates to a method of treating or monitoring / diagnosing a disease state mediated by activated macrophages. The method comprises the step of administering to a patient suffering from a macrophage mediated disease state an effective amount of a composition comprising a conjugate or complex of the general formulaAb−Xwhere the group Ab comprises a ligand capable of binding to activated macrophages, and when the conjugate is being used for treatment of the disease state, the group X comprises an immunogen, a cytotoxin, or a compound capable of altering macrophage function, and when the conjugate is being used for monitoring / diagnosing the disease state, X comprises an imaging agent. The method is useful for treating a patient suffering from a disease selected from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, inflammation, infections, osteomyelitis, atherosclerosis, organ transplant rejection, pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and systemic sclerosis.

A method of altering taste sensation in an individual is provided, the method comprising administering an effective amount of botulinum toxin to the taste cells of the individual. The method can be used to effect reduced caloric consumption in an individual in need of reduced caloric consumption or to effect weight reduction in an individual in need of weight reduction.

The invention relates to a foodstuff that can enhance the milk yield of lactation period sow, consisting of the following components in weight portion: 250 to 350 portions of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 250 to 350 portions of mountain meal, 100 to 130 portions of common salt, 30 to 40 portions t of choline, 45 to 55 portions of complex trace elements, 8 to 12 portions of complex vitamin, 30 to 50 portions of potassium chloride, 5 to 15 portions of methionine, 15 to 35 portions of lysine, 2 to 8 portions of valine, 50-150 portions of zeolite powder, 15 to 25 portions of medium and short chain fatty acids, 5 to 20 portions of feed attractant, 0.5 to 1 portions of lysozyme, 10 to 25 portions of mycotoxin absorbent, 5 to 7 portions of vitamin E, 2 to 5 portions of phytase, and 3 to 6 portions of chromium Picolinate. The invention adds nutritive additives and mycotoxin absorbent etc. into the foodstuff, thereby obviously intensifying the immunity of lactation period sow, dramatically enhancing the milk yield, bringing forward the oestrous period, and significantly increasing the ablactation weight of the piglet.

Transgenic chloroplast technology could provide a viable solution to the production of Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I), Human Serum Albumin (HSA), or interferons (IFN) because of hyper-expression capabilities, ability to fold and process eukaryotic proteins with disulfide bridges (thereby eliminating the need for expensive post-purification processing). Tobacco is an ideal choice because of its large biomass, ease of scale-up (million seeds per plant), genetic manipulation and impending need to explore alternate uses for this hazardous crop. Therefore, all three human proteins will be expressed as follows: a) Develop recombinant DNA vectors for enhanced expression via tobacco chloroplast genomes b) generate transgenic plants c) characterize transgenic expression of proteins or fusion proteins using molecular and biochemical methods d) large scale purification of therapeutic proteins from transgenic tobacco and comparison of current purification / processing methods in E. coli or yeast e) Characterization and comparison of therapeutic proteins (yield, purity, functionality) produced in yeast or E. coli with transgenic tobacco f) animal testing and pre-clinical trials for effectiveness of the therapeutic proteins. Mass production of affordable vaccines can be achieved by genetically engineering plants to produce recombinant proteins that are candidate vaccine antigens. The B subunits of Enteroxigenic E. coli (LTB) and cholera toxin of Vibrio cholerae (CTB) are examples of such antigens. When the native LTB gene was expressed via the tobacco nuclear genome, LTB accumulated at levels less than 0.01% of the total soluble leaf protein. Production of effective levels of LTB in plants, required extensive codon modification. Amplification of an unmodified CTB coding sequence in chloroplasts, up to 10,000 copies per cell, resulted in the accumulation of up to 4.1% of total soluble tobacco leaf protein as oligomers (about 410 fold higher expression levels than that of the unmodified LTB gene). PCR and Southern blot analyses confirmed stable integration of the CTB gene into the chloroplast genome. Western blot analysis showed that chloroplast synthesized CTB assembled into oligomers and was antigenically identical to purified native CTB. Also, GM1,-ganglioside binding assays confirmed that chloroplast synthesized CTB binds to the intestinal membrane receptor of cholera toxin, indicating correct folding and disulfide bond formation within the chloroplast. In contrast to stunted nuclear transgenic plants, chloroplast transgenic plants were morphologically indistinguishable from untransformed plants, when CTB was constitutively expressed. The introduced gene was stably inherited in the subsequent generation as confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses. Incrased production of an efficient transmucosal carrier molecule and delivery system, like CTB, in transgenic chloroplasts makes plant based oral vaccines and fusion proteins with CTB needing oral administration a much more practical approach.

The invention relates to an antimold agent foodstuff, consisting of the following components in weight portion: 20 to 40 portions of Bacillus subtilis, 20 to 45 portions of astragalus polysaccharide, 200 to 350 portions of mycotoxins absobent, 20 to 50 portions of vitamin C, 20 to 50 Vitamin E, 5 to 15 portions of lysine, 5 to 15 portions of methionine, 200 to 250 portions of potassium chloride, and 180 to 520 portions of glucose. The invention adds nutritive additives and mycotoxins, etc. into the foodstuff, and can obviously intensify immunity of livestock and resist the attack of antibacterial enzyme to livestock.

The invention provides a multiplex quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction detection kit for vibrio parahaemolyticus toxin gene and a detection method. The kit mainly comprises specific primers, probes and PCR reaction reagent, wherein the specific primers and the probes consist of specific primers and probes of vibrio parahaemolyticus thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh), thermolabile hemomysin gene (tlh), toxin expression regulating protein gene (toxR) and thermostable related hemolysin gene (trh). The invention provides the quick, sensitive and specific multiplex fluorescent quantitative PCR detection kit and the detection method aiming at the vibrio parahaemolyticus toxin gene, and provides basis for controlling food poisoning caused by the vibrio parahaemolyticus in time and early diagnosis of the food poisoning caused by the vibrio parahaemolyticus.

The invention discloses the syndrome of diarrhea with loose and fetid stools caused by harmful bacteria in intestine, especially relates to a kind of probiotics and prebiotics used for treating said syndrome and the compound product. Said probiotics comprises bacillus coagulans, butanoic acid clostridial vaccine, infant bifidobacteria, young bifidobacteria, long bifidobacteria, Bifidobacterium bifidum and bacillus subtilis, and etc. The prebiotics can be soybean oligosaccharide and other oligosaccharides. The probiotics and prebiotics and their compound can be taken orally, and they can remove indole, scatal, sulfur, amino and amine from intestinal canal.

A peptide with an amino acid composition such that the peptide is amphipathic, cationic and forms a stable alpha-helix and has the following structure comprising at least 12 amino acidsA=an amino acid selected from the basic amino acids Lys,Arg or HisB=an amino acid selected from the aromatic amino acids Phe, Trp or TyrC=an amino acid selected from the group comprising the hydrophobic amino acids Leu, Ile, Val or Ala, andsaid peptide has either the orientation according to the formula or the retro orientation thereof, wherein at least 0-m of the repetitive sequence motifs (A2-B2-C1-A3) have the retro orientation and the remaining repetitive motifs (A2-B2-C1-A3) have the orientation as presented in the formula and wherein,R1-R2- and R3 are a number of amino acids, and whereinm=1-10, preferably 2-8, more preferably 2-5 andn=1-3, a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a peptide application thereof in treatment or diagnosis related to i.a. parasite infection topical and systemic tumors and septic shock.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for monitoring, diagnosis, prognosis, and determination of treatment regimens in subjects suffering from or suspected of having a renal injury. In particular, the invention relates to using assays that detect one or more markers selected from the group consisting of soluble CD44 antigen, Angiopoietin-1, soluble Angiopoietin-1 receptor, C—X—C chemokine motif 5, soluble Endoglin, soluble Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 1, Erythropoietin, soluble Fractalkine, Heme oxygenase 1, soluble Interleukin-1 receptor type II, soluble Interleukin-6 receptor subunit-alpha, Lymphotactin, Lymphotoxin-alpha, Stromelysin-1, C—C motif chemokine 22, C—C motif chemokine 5, and Thrombospondin-1 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in renal injuries.

The invention belongs to the pesticide field and particularly relates to a synergic pesticidal composition with active ingredients to be the combinations of fipronil and a series of subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt for short), wherein the Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies include six subspecies: Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis var.aizawa, Bacillus thuringiensis var.tianmensis, B.thuringiensis var.israelensis, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.aizawai and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae. The main agent thereof includes the following active ingredients by the weight percentages as follows: fipronil 0.1%-80%, Bacillus thuringiensis 100-100000 IU (international unit) / mg, or 10-1000 billion spore / g, or 0.01-20% toxin protein, and the rest is an accessory ingredient. The pesticidal composition can be efficiently used for controlling agricultural pests such as rice leaf rollers, chilo suppressalis walkers, diamondback moths, prodenia lituras, corn borers, and so on, and has particular characteristics of high efficacy, long lasting period and safe usage, so that the pesticidal composition belongs to environment-friendly pesticides and can prolong the generation of resistance, reduce production cost and increase economic benefit.

The invention relates to a feed additive for livestock and a method for preparing the same. The feed additive consists of modified montmorillonite, sodium diacetate, Chinese traditional medicine extract and glucose oxidase. If reasonably used, the feed additive can adsorb mycotoxin, inhibit the growth of molds, eliminate the influence of mycotoxin on physiology of animals, improve the capability of animals of resisting illnesses, obviously improve feed returns, improve the immunity effect of vaccine injection, improve the mating fertility rate and improve the number born.

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture animal husbandry and food antitoxin and detoxication, and relates to mycotoxin adsorbent and a preparation method thereof. The mycotoxin adsorbent is composed of, by weight, 85-90% of montmorillonite, 5-7% of yeast cell walls, 1-3% of chitin, 1-2% of saccharomyces boulardii and 3-5% of natural plant extract in a mixing mode. The natural plant extract comprises tea tree oil, hesperidin, eugenol, citral, cinnamaldehyde and baicalein which are proportionally mixed. The mycotoxin adsorbent can be applied to fodder, aflatoxin B1 in the mycotoxin can be absorbed, other mold toxins such as zearalenone, ochratoxin, deoxynivalenol and fumitremorgin can also be effectively absorbed, the nutrient absorption rate of the fodder is low, meanwhile, breeding and balancing of probiotics in intestinal canals can be promoted, and the immunocompetence of animals is enhanced.

A method of providing a refuge for caterpillar larvae, which are susceptible to plants expressing delta endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis so as to delay and possibly prevent the susceptible species from developing resistance to the toxin. Also provided is a method of cultivating paulownia trees so as to provide an effective refuge for the susceptible caterpillar larvae.

A microorganism for the biological inactivation or detoxification of mycotoxins, in particular ochratoxins, which is selected from bacteria and / or yeasts, which cleaves the phenylalanine group of the mycotoxins, in particular ochratoxins, as well as a method for biologically inactivating or detoxifying mycotoxins, in particular ochratoxins, in food products and animal feeds by the aid of a microorganism, and the use of the microorganism(s).

The invention relates to a cholera toxin virulence gene detection kit and a detection method thereof. The kit of the invention contains three pairs of primers which are designed by using vibrio cholera ctxA gene as target gene on the basis of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology, namely inner primers FIP / BIP, outer primers F3 / B3 and ring primers LF / LB and also contains Bst DNA polymerases, reaction solution, sample pretreatment solution, coloring liquid, stabilizing solution and positive control. The method for detecting the cholera toxin virulence gene comprises the following steps: extracting bacterial DNA, performing the loop-mediated isothermal amplification of the cholera toxin virulence gene and coloring for detection. The kit of the invention has high amplificationefficiency, specificity and sensitivity, low omission ratio and obvious coloring effect and is suitable for the rapid detection of toxigenic vibrio cholera.

The use of classical superantigens for treatment of cancer has resulted in a low response rates and serious toxicity in humans which is attributable, in part, to the presence of preformed superantigen specific antibodies in the plasma of treated patients. The present invention addresses this problem by providing a method for treating tumors comprising the administration of one or a plurality of egc (enterotoxin gene cluster) staphylococcal enterotoxins comprising staphylococcal enterotoxins G, I, M, N, O. These superantigens in native unmodified form can be administered intrathecally, intratumorally, intravenously to humans with advanced lung cancer while resolving pleural effusions and prolonging survival to 300% above control patients treated with talc pleurodesis. Intratumoral egc superantigens induces a significant and sustained reduction of the tumor size. In contrast to classic Sags, the egc superantigens induced minimal toxicity, are rarely associated with the presence of preformed antibodies and are used as a plurality with a broad T cell Vβ profile. Useful egc superantigen compositions for parenteral administration native egc enterotoxins, homologues, fragments and fusion proteins of native egc enterotoxins capable of activating a broad spectrum of T cells expressing T cell receptor / α motifs. T cell survival-enhancing cytokines IL-7, Il-15, Il-23 are used. together with parenteral egc SE therapy. Also disclosed is combined therapy that includes parenteral, intratumoral or intrathecal superantigen compositions in combination with (i) intratumoral low, non-toxic doses of one or more chemotherapeutic drugs or (ii) systemic chemotherapy at reduced and non-toxic doses of chemotherapeutic drugs or (iii) radiation therapy or (iv) anti-angiogenic and tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

The invention discloses green health goose forage and a preparation method thereof. The weight parts of composition raw materials of the forage are as follows: 30-40 parts of corn, 15-25 parts of bean cakes, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of fish meal, 0.3-0.5 part of lysine, 0.4-0.6 part of methionine, 1-3 parts of stone flour, 0.3-0.5 part of corn gluten meal, 0.2-0.4 part of edible salt, 1-3 parts of a premix compound, 0.1-0.2 part of green tea dust, 2-3 parts of grape seed oil, 0.010-0.015 part of phytase, 0.05-0.15 part of multivitamin, 0.002-0.004 part of wintergreen oil and 3-5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine. The grape seed oil and the green tea dust in the green health goose forage belong to health-care products; the grape seed oil can soothe nerves and reduce activities of the goose; and the green tea contains tea polyphenol which is antioxidant and helpful to health growth of the goose. The forage contains no antibiotics. However, the Chinese herbal medicine has the functions of strengthening stomach to improve digestion, heat-clearing and detoxifying, and the like, is helpful to eliminate endotoxin of the goose, prevents goose diseases, makes the goose grow fast, and increases a feed-to-gain ratio.

The present invention relates to compositions comprising biologically active chitinous oligomers and their endotoxin purified and partially deacetylated chitin polymer precursors, and their use in pharmaceutical compositions, biomaterial compositions, medical devices, and processes to produce the said oligomers. More specifically the present invention relates to novel compositions and processes to produce such compositions. The compositions include therapeutic hetero polymer and hetero oligomer compositions comprising specific sequences of N-acetyl glucosamine and glucosamine, developed to optimize chemical and structural features which are important for the therapeutic activity of these compositions. In addition, the present invention provides methods to use degree of deacetylation of a partially deacetylated chitin polymer in order to modulate physical and biological parameters in a calcium phosphate composite for bone implant applications.

The invention discloses a montmorillonite-containing 1-21-days-old broiler chicken compound feed. The compound feed comprises is prepared by the following raw materials: corn, wheat, corn protein powder, corn vinasse soybean meal, peanut meal, soybean oil, stone powder, calcium hydrophosphate, edible salt, lysine sulfate, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, choline chloride, a vitamin premixed material, a trace element premixed material and montmorillonite. A preparation method comprises a crushing step, a preparing step, a granulating step and a grading step. The montmorillonite-containing 1-21-days-old broiler chicken compound feed has the beneficial effects that the raw materials are reasonably proportioned and suitable amount of the montmorillonite is added, so that not only can influences of mycotoxin on broiler chicken be avoided, but also the palatability of the feed is improved, the time for the feed to pass through a digestive tract is delayed and the absorption effect of the feed in the digestive tract is enhanced; furthermore, a traditional Chinese medicine additive is added to enhance the function of an intestinal tract of the broiler chicken, so that the montmorillonite-containing 1-21-days-old broiler chicken compound feed can prevent diseases and enhance the immune function of an organism, and also can improve the digestion rate and the utilization rate of nutrition substances; and the production performance of the broiler chicken is improved.

The invention discloses a method used for screening and identifying saxitoxins in complex matrix. The method comprises following steps: 1, preparation of a matrix sample; 2, matrix sample purification, and toxin separation; 3, establishment of a mass spectrometry database; 4, sample information acquisition and result determination; 5, high resolution mass spectrum measuring of suspected positive samples and metabolic products of the suspected positive samples; and 6, qualitative measurement used for determining accurate molecule mass. According to the method, the mass spectrometry databases of 24 kinds of saxitoxins are established, the method can be used for high precision qualitative analysis in sample screening processing, realizing blind measuring of toxic-free standard samples and accurate qualitative determination, solving problems in the prior art that standard substances are expensive, arrival period is long, and the standard substances are controlled by entry and exit administration, and reducing detection cost in daily monitoring; requirement on the technical level of operation staff in saxitoxin detection is reduced; and operation is convenient.

Identification of the molecular targets of a drug or toxin is the first step in understanding how the drug or toxin works, an important advance in learning how to improve a drug or assess the risks due to a toxin. The primary action of a drug usually involves binding to a protein; secondary actions may express themselves in the form of side effects and in some cases may be due to binding to other proteins. Consequently, it is useful to identify all physiologically relevant sites of action of a drug or toxin. A simple method for obtaining a list of the potential targets of a drug, toxin or other biologically active substance (referred to collectively as ligands) involves a multistep process. The first step is screening a protein or peptide library to identify library members that exhibit high affinity for a particular ligand. The second step involves searching of sequence data bases for proteins that contain the sequences of the library members shown to have high affinity for the ligand. The proteins thus identified constitute a list of potential targets for the ligand. If random peptide libraries have been used, the position of identified consensus sequences within the identified protein constitutes an identification of the potential ligand binding site on the target.

The invention is an animal repellant composition containing one or more toxins, including for example one or more alkaloids isolated from for example, one or more members of the family Narcissus, and optionally containing one or more polymers, including for example one or more bioerodible polymers and / or more non-absorbable polymers. The animal repellant composition is useful for repelling animals from vegetation and for rendering vegetation unpalatable to animals. The invention also includes methods for repelling animals, as well as methods for treating vegetation to render the vegetation unpalatable to animals, such animals including for example, deer, voles, moles, ground hogs, mice, rats, rodents, raccoons, nematodes, larvae, worms, fungi, molds, bacteria, vegetative organisms, and insects. A suberin-polymer-repellant chemical complex and a method for treating damaged vegetation are also disclosed. Various other systems and methods for complexing biopolymers, toxins, and polymers for treating plants, microbially inactivating the bioburden of vegetation, and for repelling animals are disclosed.

A medicine in the form of aerosol or spray for dropping drug or antalgic purpose is prepared from tetrodotoxic citrate or tetrodonic acetate. Its advantages are applying it via respiratory tract, high effect up to 97% or more, high safety, and no addiction.