The invention relates to a turntable type freshwater mussel opening machine. At present, the operation of opening freshwater mussels is finished by means of lots of manual labor in China, so that the labor intensity is high, and the efficiency is low. The turntable type freshwater mussel opening machine comprises a frame, a turntable part, a clamp part, a tool part and a grinding wheel part, wherein the clamp part is fixed on the turntable part; the tool part and the grinding wheel part are fixed on the frame; the turntable part comprises a stepping motor, a rotary disc and a first connecting screw; the clamp part comprises a bracket, two mechanical hands, a lateral spring, a lower spring, a spring sliding rod, a V-shaped block, a roller component, a guide sleeve and two mechanical hand supporting arms; the tool part comprises a tool bracket, a second stepping motor, a connecting shaft, a crankshaft, a connecting rod, a tool, a tool connecting slide block and a time delay switch; and the grinding wheel part comprises a grinding wheel bracket, a motor and a grinding wheel. The operation of manually opening the freshwater mussels is avoided, the labor intensity is lightened, and the freshwater mussel opening efficiency is improved. The freshwater mussel opening reliability is improved, and the freshwater mussel opening machine is low in cost, simple in design and suitable for freshwater mussel factories of various scales.