The invention discloses an energy spectrum overlapping peak analysis method. The analysis method includes the steps that background rejection is carried out on energy spectrum sections which are obtained from radioactive measurement and to be subjected to overlapping peak resolution, and net peak areas of overlapping peaks and all channel net counts corresponding to the net peak areas of the overlapping peaks are obtained; the energy spectrum sections obtained after background rejection are regarded as a linear sum of multiple Gaussian functions; parameters of the Gaussian functions are combined into a chromosome; population initialization is carried out on the combined chromosome, probability construction fitness functions, from individuals, of the energy spectrum sections are combined, selection, cross and mutation operators of a genetic algorithm are adopted, the weight, average and standard deviation of all the Gaussian functions are obtained after multi-generation operation, and overlapping peak resolution is completed. Calculation is simple, the overlapping peaks overlapping three or more spectrum peaks can be resolved, and the overlapping peak resolving method can be effectively applied to qualitative and quantitative analysis for the spectrum peaks and is good in performance.