This invention belongs to the field of guided bone regeneration materials technology, specifically relating to an argininecarbon dot photoinitiated hydrogel prepolymer, its preparation method, and its application. The argininecarbon dot photoinitiated hydrogel prepolymer of this invention, when used for alveolar bone regeneration, inhibits the proliferation / migration of gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) while simultaneously inducing and promoting the proliferation / migration and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), thus creating a "reverse-response" cell-selective regulatory effect.