The invention provides a safe starting method and upgrading method of an MCU (Microprogrammed
Control Unit) and
electronic equipment. A first kernel and a second kernel run in the MCU, the first kernel is used for running a
hardware security module, the second kernel is used for running an application program, and the safe starting method of the MCU comprises the following steps: responding to an MCU reset
signal, starting the first kernel, and performing primary
verification on the application program by adopting a first
verification algorithm; when the first
verification is passed, a second kernel is started to execute a key task in the application program, and meanwhile, a second verification
algorithm is adopted to conduct second verification on the application program; and when the secondary verification is passed, executing the target task in the application program, and judging that the MCU application program is successfully started. According to the method, the HSM kernel and the first verification
algorithm are adopted to guarantee basic safety and
quick start, so that the application
kernel system can quickly process key tasks; and after starting, resources are utilized to complete full-quantity verification in parallel, so that the final safety is ensured while the speed is considered.