The invention discloses a multimode interference biological chemical sensor based on silicon slot waveguides, which is characterized by comprising an input waveguide (1), two output waveguides, namely, a first output waveguide (3) and a second output waveguide (4), and a multimode interference waveguide (5), wherein the input waveguide (1) is used for inputting optical signals, the input waveguide (1) is connected with the first output waveguide (3) and the second waveguide (4) through the multimode interference waveguide (5), the multimode interference waveguide (5) is tapered, single wavelength optical signals are input through the input waveguide (1) and subjected to multimode interference in an area of the multimode interference waveguide (5), input lights are subjected to self-imaging length regeneration on the basis of the self-imaging effect of multimode interference, and the self-imaging length is selected as the length of the sensor. The multimode interference biological chemical sensor based on silicon slot waveguides has the advantages of compact structure, insensitive polarization, high bandwidth, good fabrication tolerance and large working range.