Methods of translocating an
analyte through a
nanopore and corresponding systems are described. An example method comprises translocating an
analyte through a
nanopore in a structure defining an
internal cavity and a barrier dividing the interior cavity into a first chamber and a second chamber. The barrier comprises a channel structure defining a
nanopore therethrough fluidically
coupling the first and second chambers. The first chamber comprises the
analyte and the method comprises modifying side groups of the analyte. Said modifying changes at least one of an electrical a
chemical property of the analyte. The method further comprises applying a
voltage gradient between the first and second chambers via the nanopore. Applying the
voltage causes a translocation of the analyte through the nanopore from the first chamber and the second chamber. Embodiments described herein can be helpful for enabling translocation or ensuring smooth translocation of an analyte through a nanopore.