The invention relates to a method for optimizing a multi-grade light-splitting 
passive optical network of a distribution communication network. The method is that the network at the current grade bears the 
gene optimization result of the network at the previous grade through the cascading 
genetic algorithm. The method specifically comprises the steps of designing a 
gene code; creating constraint conditions for the 
gene code, and selecting adaptability functions; performing 
crossover and variation operation for the 
gene code on the premise that the constraint conditions for the 
gene code are met; performing multi-generation iterative 
crossover and variation operation to obtain the optimal 
gene code of the PON network at the current level; returning to step (1) to bear the gene code of previous level when the number of the network 
layers of the multi-grade light-slitting 
passive optical network is less than n, and updating the adaptability function; finishing the optimization when the number of the network 
layers of the multi-grade light-slitting 
passive optical network is more than 1. According to the method, the optimal light splitter and relatively high network star topology in the network are selected from the optimized multi-grade light-splitting network, and therefore, the 
network communication construction cost is saved; the network planning is constructed into a 
mathematical model, thus the expandability is improved, and the calculation complexity is reduced.