The invention discloses a wing mechanism, an emitter and a method for shortening the axial length of the wing mechanism, the wing mechanism comprise a supporting assembly, a right plate and a left plate, one sides of the right plate and left plate, away from the corresponding wing roots are both rotatably connected with the upper surface of the supporting assembly, a sliding plate is slidably arranged at the bottom of the supporting assembly, a chute is arranged on the sliding plate, and the chute comprises a positioning section, a steering section, an inclined pushing section and a limiting section; two chutes are symmetrical along the sliding direction of the supporting assembly; one sides of the lower surfaces of the right plate and left plate, close to the corresponding wing roots, arerespectively provided with a guide shaft, and the bottom ends of the guide shafts are respectively inserted into a chute; when the right wing and the left wing are unfolded, the bottom ends of the guide shafts are positioned in a positioning section and is tangent to a groove wall on the positioning section, close to the tail, and two groove walls parallel to the moving direction of the supporting assembly. According to the invention, the whole length of the wing mechanism is shortened, so that a shorter launching barrel can be adopted, and the convenience for a user to use the wing mechanismis improved.