The invention belongs to the field of road construction and discloses a novel multifunctional viaduct sound insulation device and method. A sound insulation board is arranged; a fixing frame is weldedto the portion, below the back side of the sound insulation board, of the front side of the sound insulation plate, and tightening bolts are in threaded connection with the fixing frame; the fixing frame is provided with a first retractable rod and a second retractable rod, an outer barrel of each retractable rod is provided with through holes, the inner rod of each retractable rod is provided with a groove, and a spring is welded to each groove; the springs are welded to protrusive blocks, and the protrusive blocks are inserted into the through holes. The front side of the sound insulation board is provided with sound absorption holes, and the portion between the front side of the sound insulation board and the back side of the sound insulation board is filled with a glass sponge. According to the device and the method, by arranging the first retractable rod and the second retractable rod, the fitting degree with side plates of a bridge can be improved, the fixation firmness of the sound insulation board is enhanced, and the situation is avoided that since a traditional viaduct sound insulation device is fixed, there is a gap between the traditional viaduct sound insulation device and a viaduct, correspondingly a sound insulation board shakes under severe weather, the sound insulation effect declines, and meanwhile, a certain danger exists.