The invention discloses a dual-axis linkage based rapid scanning method of a scanning acoustic microscope. The method comprises the steps of: (1) setting a scanning area S=(N.a)*(N.a), and starting moving while taking Lscan=(N-1)a / as the magnitude of motion displacements of motors at axes X and Y, wherein the motion directions of the axes X and Y are all positive directions; (2) when the two motors are stopped, changing the direction of the axis Y, maintaining the axis X unchanged, and moving while taking Lstep=a / as the magnitudes of the motion displacements of the motors at the axes X and Y; (3) after the two motors are stopped, changing the motion direction of the axis X, maintaining the axis Y unchanged, and continuously starting the motion of the motors at the axes X and Y, wherein the magnitudes of displacements are both Lscan; (4) after the two motors are stopped, changing the motion direction of the axis X, maintaining the axis Y unchanged, and continuously starting the motion of the motors at the axes X and Y, wherein the magnitudes of the displacements are both Lstep; and (5) after the motors are stopped, repeating the steps from (1) to (4) until an entire image is scanned completely. According to the invention, on the premise of not changing motion system hardware conditions and not decreasing imaging resolution, the scanning efficiency can be increased by more than 20%.