The invention relates to a dynamic test device and method for cement-based material deformation in the thermal curing process, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering material testing.The test device comprises a controllable water bath heating system, a design mold system, a deformation measurement system, an optimized data collection and analysis and processing program and the like. The test method comprises the steps that 1, the controllable water bath heating system is installed, and heating parameters are set; 2, the design mold system is installed, and to-be-tested cementis poured and vibrated in a mold; 3, the deformation measurement system is installed, a sensor is connected with the measurement system, and the sensor is calibrated; 4, data collection is conductedsimultaneously; 5, by means of the data analysis and processing program, the cement-based material deformation situation is analyzed in real time. Automatic collection and data analysis of deformationof cement-based materials under the early thermal curing condition are achieved, and the device and method can be suitable for parsing and presenting the cement-based material deformation rules in the thermal curing unsteady-state process.