The invention provides an integrated navigation positioning method and device based on a short base line. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a PPS signal of a multimode receiver, and carrying out the positioning through an RTK mode, taking positioning information in the PPS signal as an initial value of INS, conducting INS calculation, and acquiring INS information, and combining the successfully positioned PPS signal and the INS information through Kalman filtering to obtain optimal attitude position information. A short base line is adopted, the length of the base line is only 320 mm, two receiving antennas are arranged, the weight is only 5 kg, the device is small and exquisite, movement is convenient, GNSS and INS combined navigation is achieved, fast positioning can be achieved through the INS when a carrier is shielded, a high-precision INS inertial element is adopted, meanwhile, errors of the inertial element are optimized through Kalman filtering, deviation of the INS inertial element can be corrected through positioning information of the GNSS, and the positioning precision and reliability of the system are ensured.