The invention discloses a pile top stiffness adjustment device based on a variable-strength supporting material, which comprises: a cover plate and a cylinder body, the cylinder body is in the structural form of an upper part opening and a lower part sealing, and a variable-strength metal supporting material is arranged in the cylinder body; The cover plate is arranged on the cylinder body and is in contact with the upper end of the variable-strength metal support material; the rigidity of the variable-strength metal support material is greater than that of the side wall of the cylinder body. The invention effectively utilizes the appearance parameters of the variable-strength metal support material to change its own compression performance, and overcomes the fact that the volume of the support material itself cannot be changed in the existing pile top stiffness adjustment device, and the vertical compression can only be caused by the crushing or discharge of the support material. Disadvantages of displacement, high adjustment accuracy, stable operation, simple preparation process, low manufacturing cost, convenient installation, the load-displacement curve of the stiffness adjustment device under the action of the upper load has a significant linear change characteristic, without any fluctuation phenomenon, there is It is beneficial to further promote the engineering practice of pile-raft foundation with controllable stiffness.