The invention provides a high-voltage power distribution network reactive power control method based on gateway power factor linear constraint in order to solve the problem that due to complex topological condition, a high-voltage power distribution network cannot achieve reactive layered on-spot balance. The method includes the specific steps that firstly, network structure parameters are collected, network operation parameters are read, network initial power flow is calculated, and target adjustment parameters are determined; secondly, by means of power factor adjustment targets at high-voltage gateways of 110 kV and 220 kV substations, switching of a substation lower-side compensation device is conducted, and accordingly on-spot reactive balance adjustment of the 110 kV substation and global reactive voltage adjustment of the 220 kV substation are conducted; finally, dynamic reactive adjustment is conducted on nodes which still cannot meet voltage safety constraint requirement, so that it is guaranteed that voltage of all nodes in a network run in a safe and economical range, and a final compensation device switching scheme is determined.