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This invention relates to the field of integrated circuits and discloses a mixed-precision in-memory computing circuit, data processing method, and chip. The invention includes: a storage array, an index memory, and a multiply-accumulate calculation circuit. The storage array includes a first data element stored in a first precision format and / or a second data element stored in a second precision format; wherein the bit width of the first precision format is greater than that of the second precision format; the storage locations of the storage array are divided according to the bit width of the second precision format; the first data element occupies multiple consecutive storage locations; the read bit width of the storage array is an integer multiple of the bit width of the first precision format; the index memory stores the position index information of the first data element in the storage array; the multiply-accumulate calculation circuit is used to determine the precision format corresponding to the data read from the storage array based on the position index information, and performs a multiply-accumulate operation corresponding to the precision format, outputting the calculation result. This solves the compatibility problem between mixed-precision data storage and computing circuits.