The invention provides a method for storing and reading grid data and a device. The method for storing grid data comprises the following steps of: 101, acquiring original grid data; 102, extracting the values of nine continuous grid units in sequence; 103, replacing the values of the nine continuous grid units by adopting a first target numerical value, and storing in a target grid unit; 104, if the quantity of extracted continuous grid units is less than nine, marking the quantity of the grid units of less than nine continuous original grid units as N, replacing the values of the N original grid units by adopting a second target numerical value, and storing in a target grid unit; and 105, judging whether K*L grid units are traversed, if so, implementing a step 106, otherwise, returning to the step 102. Due to the adoption of the method and the device, the storage space of grid data can be saved, and the processing efficiency of grid data can be increased.