The invention discloses a fluorescent module and a laser lighting system. The fluorescent module comprises a fluorescent layer, a semiconductor refrigeration device and a radiator, a cold end of the semiconductor refrigeration device is connected with the fluorescent layer, a hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration device is connected with the radiator, and the fluorescent layer is an integrally formed fluorescent layer. According to the fluorescent module, the used fluorescent layer is the integrally formed fluorescent layer, so that the uniformity of a fluorescent material in the fluorescent layer can be ensured in the preparation process, the wavelength conversion is uniform, the color and intensity of emergent light are uniform, and light spots are not formed. Meanwhile, the integrally formed fluorescent layer is high in density and heat conductivity, so that heat generated when the integrally formed fluorescent layer is irradiated by laser can be rapidly conducted, and heat dissipation is faster. According to the laser lighting system, due to the fact that the fluorescent module is used, the luminous intensity is greatly improved, and meanwhile it is guaranteed that emergent light spots are uniform.