259results about How to "Reduce refraction" patented technology

A modular, portable, submersible video viewing system. The system includes a viewing monitor, camera and interconnecting multi-conductor cable that store and deploy for underwater viewing. Webs at the camera housing interconnect to cable clips, bottom support plates, a swivel coupler or steering guide and/or pole to control camera orientation. Alternative rudders and/or hydrodynamic ballast weights (with or without a keel) mount to the webs to control camera tracking when towed. A fish-shaped camera is also disclosed. Alternative stationary supports permit directed or “pan” viewing. A multi-aperture reflection suppressor and etched lens mount to the camera and cooperate with an array of LED's to direct light relative to the viewing field of the camera lens. Various sunshields, lights and/or lenses and filters are optionally mountable to the monitor and camera. Alternative monitor housings are disclosed that contain the viewing monitor, battery and attendant control circuitry and camera. Handles, cable wraps, integral and detachable sunshields, and manual and remote motorized cable take-up spools are also disclosed. Video storage/re-play, combinations of switched multi-frequency lights and display modes of depth and temperature at camera, camera direction and water depth are also included.

Disclosed is an optical fiber having a silica-based core comprising an alkali metal oxide selected from the group consisting of K₂O, Na₂O, LiO₂, Rb₂O, Cs₂O and mixtures thereof in an average concentration in said core between about 50 and 500 ppm by weight, said core further comprising chlorine and fluorine, wherein the average concentration of fluorine in said core is greater than the average concentration of alkali metal oxide in said core and the average concentration of chlorine in said core is greater than the average concentration of alkali metal oxide in said core; and a silica-based cladding surrounding and directly adjacent the core. By appropriately selecting the concentration of alkali metal oxide dopant in the core and the cladding, a low loss optical fiber may be obtained.

A catadioptric imaging system for micro-lithographic projection features a high numerical aperture objective where most of the focusing power is produced by reflection and refraction angles are limited to avoid additional aberration. A field correcting optic is appended to a Mangin mirror in an immersive configuration for raising the numerical aperture. The optical connection between the Mangin mirror and the field correcting optic is arranged to control refraction angles by limiting angles of incidence or refractive index differences. A radially symmetric polarizing effect is achieved in a pupil to improve image contrast.

The optical sensor of the present invention detects both the existence and concentration of substances by changing from light leakage mode to wave guide mode when the sensor is exposed to the substances to be detected. The changes in the mode results in a large change in optical output. This change is measured and the substance is identified and/or measured with high sensitivity.The change in light leakage mode to wave guide mode of the sensor is possible by having a clad material around the core material, with the clad material decreasing in the index of refraction when exposed to the substance to be detected. When the index of refraction of the clad becomes less than that of the core material, the sensor changes from the light leakage mode and operates in the wave guide mode. Changes in light intensity output from the sensor is measured over time, and correlated to the substance to be detected.

The invention relates to refractometry and attenuated reflectance spectrometry in a wellbore environment. Specifically, it pertains to a robust apparatus and method for measuring refractive index of fluids along a continuum (rather than in steps), and for measuring attenuated reflectance spectra, and for interpreting the measurements made with this apparatus to determine a variety of formation fluid parameters. The present invention provides a method and apparatus to distinguish between gas and liquid based on the much lower index of refraction of gas. It can also be used to monitor fluid sample clean up over time. The refractive index of a wellbore fluid is determined from the fraction, R, of light reflected off the interface between a transparent window that has a known refractive index and this fluid. Preferably, the refractive index is measured at some wavelength of light for which the fluid is not highly attenuating but is optimally attenuating. The adjacent transmission spectrometer can be used to correct the refractive index measurement for attenuation at those wavelengths, which it monitors. Also, this reflection-based refractometer design can be used as an attenuated reflectance spectrometer at highly attenuating wavelengths.

A microsurgical laser probe primarily used in ophthalmic surgery provides both laser light and illumination light to a surgical site from a single light source. The laser probe has a dual core optic fiber that transmits both laser light and illumination light to the surgical site. A center core of the optic fiber transmits the laser light through the optic fiber and emits the laser light at the surgical site. The center core of the fiber is surrounded by an outer fiber core. The outer fiber core has an interior bore that contains the center core optic fiber. The outer fiber core transmits illumination light through the optic fiber and emits the illumination light at the surgical site.

Proposed is a light-emitting apparatus 200,300,400, comprising a semiconductor light emitting device 220,320,420 and a transparent ceramic body 230,330,430 comprising a wavelength converting material positioned in light receiving relationship to the semiconductor device. The light-emitting apparatus is characterized in that the side surfaces 233,333,433 of the ceramic body 230,330,430 are at an oblique angle 234,334,434 relative its bottom surface 231,331,431. This is especially advantageous to unlock the wave-guide modes inside the body 230,330,430. Consequently the total flux emitted from the light-emitting apparatus 200,300,400 can be enhanced considerably. Alternatively, the brightness of the top surface 232,332,432 of the ceramic body 230,330,430 can be enhanced considerably.

A protective sheath having a closed end and an open end is sized to receive a hand held spectrometer. The spectrometer can be placed in the sheath to calibrate the spectrometer and to measure samples. In a calibration orientation, an optical head of the spectrometer can be oriented toward the closed end of the sheath where a calibration material is located. In a measurement orientation, the optical head of the spectrometer can be oriented toward the open end of the sheath in order to measure a sample. To change the orientation, the spectrometer can be removed from the sheath container and placed in the sheath container with the calibration orientation or the measurement orientation. Accessory container covers can be provided and placed on the open end of the sheath with samples placed therein in order to provide improved measurements.

Methods and apparatus for promoting the growth of an aquatic photosynthetic organism within a growth medium in a photobioreactor may use a luminescent material targeting the aquatic photosynthetic organism in the photobioreactor. The luminescent material may be a substrate with a matrix of conductors coupled to the substrate, and light emitting diodes (“LEDs”) electrically coupled to the matrix of conductors. The aquatic photosynthetic organism in the photobioreactor is exposed to the light emitted by the LEDs.

The invention discloses an LED light source structure, which comprises a bracket, a lens arranged on the upper plane of the bracket and an LED chip encapsulated in a cavity formed by the bracket and the lens. The upper surface of the lens is two connecting semi-ellipsoidal surfaces or semi-spherical surfaces; the two connecting semi-ellipsoidal surfaces or semi-spherical surfaces are symmetrically distributed along the central axis of the LED chip and the meeting surface of the two connecting semi-ellipsoidal surfaces or semi-spherical surfaces is a long and narrow surface; two reflex arc-shaped lug bosses are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the short axis extension line located on the semi-ellipsoidal surfaces or the semi-spherical surfaces and fixedly arranged on the upper plane of the bracket. The invention ensures that the light extraction shape of the light emitted by the side surface of the LED chip can be changed through the refraction and reflection of the lens, and the light can gather and be distributed according to a rectangular irradiation surface, thereby reducing the secondary refraction and reflection of the beams, improving light outgoing rate and illumination uniformity, and realizing an irradiation road surface without light spots, dark areas and blinding glares.

The invention provides a thin-layer flow electrolytic cell applicable to electrochemical in-situ Raman spectrum detection. The thin-layer flow electrolytic cell employs the design of a semispherical window; and a solution flows in a right solution channel, a solution chamber and a left solution channel, thereby forming the flow electrolytic cell. Through introduction of the flowing function, the thickness of a solution layer between a working electrode and the window can be substantially reduced, so collection efficiency and detection sensitivity of Raman scattered light are greatly improved while electrochemical measurement is not influenced. Meanwhile, the design of the semispherical window can eliminate the refraction effect of an interface of air and the quartz window, reduce difference between the focus of a laser optical path and the focus of an optical imaging optical path and decreases divergence angles of light, so acquisition efficiency and detection sensitivity of Raman spectra are improved. The thin-layer flow electrolytic cell can monitor dynamic changes of surface adsorbed species in the process of an electrochemical reaction in situ in a wide temperature range and obtains inherent information of surface adsorbed substances related to parameters of reaction kinetics.

A composite material for LED's is provided. The composite material has a coating comprising scattering particles with an index of refraction greater than 1.6.

The present invention discloses a PDLC composition with wide viewing angle. The PDLC composition comprise the following components by weight: 35.0-60.0% of a light curable material, 35.0-65.0% of a liquid crystal material and 0.1-5.0% of a photoinitiator; and the PDLC composition further comprises a spacer accounting for 0.1-0.3% total weight of the PDLC composition. The composition can be used as a dimming material in dimming film or dimming glass, has excellent viewing angle characteristics, and can improve the reduced transmittance of PDLC film surface in the case of side viewing, and can enhance the customer experience.

The invention relates to a system error calibration method of an ultrashort baseline positioning system. In order to effectively reduce influences of water refraction and measurement gross errors on positional accuracy of the ultrashort baseline positioning system, environment parameter data and ultrashort baseline measurement data are measured so that an intrinsic sound ray between a transponder and an ultrashort baseline array and the included angle between the intrinsic sound ray and a coordinate plane can be calculated, an ultrashort baseline installation angle error angle measurement transformation calibration model is constructed by means of included angle vectors between the intrinsic sound ray and the array and between the intrinsic sound ray and an earth plane, and a gross error resistance least square is adopted to estimate an ultrashort baseline installation angle error according to an observation residual error design gross error resistance weight matrix in the least square solution model equation process. Ultrashort baseline installation angle error solution deviation caused by environment parameter gradient changes in water can be effectively compensated, influences of the gross errors on calibration solution are reduced through gross error resistance weights, and calibration accuracy and consistency of installation angle errors are improved.

The invention provides a prism system and a projector. The prism system comprises a first prism and a second prism, wherein the first prism is coupled with a diamond digital micro mirror device (DMD) chip and provided with three vertical planes; the three vertical planes of the first prism are a first plane, a second plane and a third plane; the first plane is used for receiving incident light at a certain angle and refracting the incident light; the second plane is used for performing total internal reflection on the refracted incident light in the first prism; the third plane is used for refracting the reflected incident light, outputting the refracted incident light to the diamond DMD chip, receiving reflected light output by the diamond DMD chip and outputting the reflected light at different angles according to control of the diamond DMD chip; the second prism is provided with three vertical planes, and one vertical plane is parallel to the second plane; and the second prism is used for receiving the reflected light output by the first prism and outputting the reflected light according to the angle of the reflected light. The prism systems and the projector can be matched with the diamond DMD chip to realize projection.

The invention provides optical glass moderate in refractive index and low in refractive index temperature coefficient. The glass comprises SiO2, B2O3, La2o3, RO and RnO2, wherein RO is one or more ofMgO, CaO, SrO and BaO, and Rn2O is one or more of Li2O, K2O and Na2O. The refractive index of the optical glass is 1.65-1.73, the abbe number is 47-55, and meanwhile, the glass is low in refractive index temperature coefficient and excellent in anti-crystallization performance and chemical stability.