The invention discloses an auxiliary device for controlling one-way transmission of gear train structures. The auxiliary device comprises side vertical plates, positioning sleeves, sealing covers, spline sleeves, the gear train structures, positioning screws, sliding blocks, flat keys, sealing rings, a shaft, spring ejector rods, friction pieces, star wheels, slotted screws and a fixing base. Theauxiliary device does not directly participate in transmission, the rotation and the stop of the gear train structures are realized by controlling the friction between the friction pieces and inner rings of the spline sleeves by using a friction principle, the transmission direction of the gear train structure transmission device is effectively controlled, the problems of transmission direction failure and working safety are solved, meanwhile, the working noise is reduced through rotation and stopping of the friction control gear train structures, and the working environment is optimized; a high friction coefficient material is adopted, reticulated mottles are arranged on the friction surface to increase friction force, and the sliding blocks are used for controlling whether the friction pieces can participate in working to realize unidirectional rotation control in two different directions; and meanwhile, the auxiliary device is convenient to disassemble, and has strong practical value and application prospects.