The invention discloses a large current balancing control system of a lithium ferrous battery. The large current balancing control system of the lithium ferrous battery comprises at least two lithium ion batteries, first contactors, second contactors, a large current discharging resistor, a lithium ferrous battery voltage detection module, a singlechip microcomputer controller and a protection device, wherein the at least two lithium ferrous batteries are connected in series, the quantity of the first contactors and the second contactors are the same as the quantity of the lithium ferrous batteries, the singlechip microcomputer controller acquires the voltage of each lithium ferrous battery through the lithium ferrous battery voltage detection module, and when the balance degree among the lithium ferrous batteries is greater than a set threshold, the lithium ferrous battery with the maximum voltage is discharged by the large current discharging resistor according to a set time. In the large current balancing control system, a singlechip microcomputer is taken as a main balancing controller, and the system cost is reduced; with the adoption of a contactor matrix, large current discharging of the lithium ferrous battery is achieved, the balancing reliability can be improved, and the large current discharging is achieved; and the system is simple to operate, is safe and reliability and is high in balancing effect.