The invention discloses a compression device and compression method for box storage and transportation media. The compression device comprises a medium conveyer, a compression body, a compression head mechanism, an execution mechanism, a box conveyer and a control module, the compression head mechanism and the execution mechanism are respectively connected with the compression body, the compression head mechanism, the execution mechanism and the box conveyer are respectively and electrically connected with the control module, the box conveyer contains and conveys a box, and the box comprises a box compartment. The compression body comprises a frame and a compression compartment, the compression compartment is arranged on the frame, the compression compartment and the box compartment are arranged adjacently, the media enter the compression compartment through the medium conveyer, the compression head mechanism does the reciprocating motion between the compression compartment and the box compartment, and the media are pushed and compressed to the box compartment from the compression compartment. According to the compression device and compression method, a large number of smashed media can be compressed in a concentration mode, full-automatic operation is carried out, personnel investment is reduced, efficiency is improved, and benefits are increased.