The invention provides a pressure-adjustable hollow building envelope and an operation method thereof. The hollow building envelope comprises an inner surface cover plate, an outer surface cover plate, an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate, a hollow layer, a vacuum pump connector, a vacuum pump, an air compressor connector, an air compressor, supporting mechanisms, micro fans, an indoor temperature sensor, an outdoor temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a central controller, wherein the inner surface cover plate is provided with the vacuum pump connector and the air compressor connector, the vacuum pump connector is connected with the vacuum pump, and the air compressor connector is connected with the air compressor; the supporting mechanisms and the micro fans are arranged in the hollow layer, and the central controller is connected with the vacuum pump, the micro fans, the indoor and outdoor temperature sensors, the air compressor and the pressure sensor. For a building with the cooling load all year round, a vacuum mode and a pressurization mode are switched according to temperature changes, i.e., in summer, the hollow layer is vacuumized to achieve the vacuum insulation effect, and in winter, the air compressor presses air into the hollow layer, the fans are started to increase the indoor and outdoor heat exchange amount, and natural cold sources are fully utilized.