The invention provides a calibration device and a calibration method for transmitting and receiving optical axes of a common-aperture
telescope. The calibration device comprises a
light source, an imaging detection
system, a first reflector, a second reflector, a third reflector, a transmission sighting piece, an electric adjusting mirror, a spectroscope, a tracking quick reflector, an on-board
laser transceiving device and a
relay transmission
optical path, wherein the
light source, the imaging detection
system, the third reflector, the transmission sighting piece and the electric adjusting mirror are arranged below the
telescope; and the first reflector, the second reflector, the spectroscope, the tracking quick reflector, the on-board
laser transceiving device and the
relay transmission
optical path are arranged above the
telescope. The calibration device and the calibration method can realize efficient calibration of the transmitting and receiving optical axes of the common-aperture telescope, the
optical path calibration method is simple, quick and high in precision (depending on resolution of the on-board
laser transceiving device and the imaging detection
system, generally can be up to mu rad magnitude order), manual operation is not needed, the optical path calibration time requires about a few minutes, and the optical path detection efficiency of the telescope system is significantly improved.